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Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence

Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1 Reading Assignment: TMB2: Section 2.4. A View of the Human Brain. A View of the Monkey Brain. Dorsal  Spinal Cord  Ventral. Flexor and Extensor Muscles.

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Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence

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  1. Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence • Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1 • Reading Assignment: • TMB2: Section 2.4.

  2. A View of the Human Brain

  3. A View of the Monkey Brain

  4. Dorsal Spinal Cord  Ventral

  5. Flexor and Extensor Muscles

  6. How Motoneuron Firing Shortens Muscles Henneman’s Size Principle: See HBTNN: Motoneuron recruitment

  7. Eye and retina

  8. Retinotopy

  9. Mammalian and Frog Visual Systems

  10. Mammalian Auditory System

  11. Broca’s and Wernicke’s Aphasias • Paul Broca (1865):Broca's aphasia is characterized by nonfluent speech, few words, short sentences, and many pauses. The words that the patient can produce come with great effort and often sound distorted. The melodic intonation is flat and monopitched. This gives the speech the general appearance of a telegraphic nature, because of the deletion of functor words and disturbances in word order. However, aural comprehension for conversational speech is relatively intact. There is often an accompanying right hemiparesis involving the face, arm, and leg. • Carl Wernicke (1874):Wernicke’s aphasia is known as a fluent aphasia because the patient does not appear to have any difficulty articulating speech, but may be paraphasic. However, comprehension of speech is impaired and sometimes even single words are not comprehended. The patient may even speak in a meaningless “neoligistic” jargon, devoid of any content but with free use of verb tenses, clauses, and subordinates.

  12. Dorsal  Language Cortex  VentralWarning: Localization of Aphasias is HIGHLY Variable Wernicke’s original drawing (wrong hemisphere!) a = Wernicke b = Broca MRI-scans from Keith A. Johnson, M.D. and J. Alex Becker The Whole Brain Atlashttp://www.med.harvard.edu./AANLIB/home.html Slice viewed from below: So “right” is left Wernicke’s Area Broca’s Area(Negative Image)

  13. Reading, No - Writing, Yes!Alexia without Agraphia Dejerine, 1892

  14. Varieties of Vertebrate Brains Catfish Snake Alligator Frog Primitive Mammal Goose Horse

  15. The “Bauplan” for the Mammalian Brain

  16. From Basic Vertebrate to Primate Brain

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