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Class 5: Advanced Concepts Hold on to your hats!

Class 5: Advanced Concepts Hold on to your hats!. Marat Kulakhmetov. Rocket Equation. Also known as : The Tsiolkovsky Equation F = m * a Forces = Drag + Weight + Thrust DV = How speed it needs ISP = how efficient the rocket engine is. Staging. The Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation says :

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Class 5: Advanced Concepts Hold on to your hats!

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  1. Class 5: Advanced Concepts Hold on to your hats! Marat Kulakhmetov

  2. Rocket Equation • Also known as : The Tsiolkovsky Equation • F = m * a • Forces = Drag + Weight + Thrust • DV = How speed it needs • ISP = how efficient the rocket engine is

  3. Staging • The Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation says : • ISP depends on the rocket engine used. Higher ISP = Lower Launch Weight • DV = Final Velocity, depends on your mission • To get large velocities you would need very large takeoff weights • Using multiple rocket stages allows us to achieve higher velocities with less weight

  4. Russian N1 Rocket • The Largest Rocket Built • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4-CyIBlKNs&feature=related

  5. Staging • Saturn V rocket, that flew to the moon used 3 stages

  6. Rocket Recovery • How do we get the rocket (or what is left) back? • Can we just use wings and land at an airport? • Can we use a parachute • Can we use rocket motors to slow down? • This is what I’m working on!

  7. Aerodynamic Regimes • Mach Number = Speed / Speed of sounds • Speed of Sound = 350 m/s ( 800 mi/h) • Incompressible ( Mach < 0.3) • Compressible (0.3<Mach < 0.8) • Transonic ( 0.8 < Mach < 1) • Supersonic ( Mach > 1) • Hypersonic (Mach > 5)

  8. Incompressible Aerodynamics • Mach < 0.3 • Velocity < 100 m/s < 220 mi/h • The air gets out of the way without compressing

  9. Compressible Aerodynamics • Mach 0.3 – 0.8 • 100 m/s – 280 m/s • 220 mi/h – 630 mi/h • Air tries to get out of the way but it gets compressed • Airliners Fly at this speed

  10. Transonic Aerodynamics • Mach 0.8 < 1.0 • As air goes around blunt objects it accelerates so even if flow is Mach 0.8, in some regions on the airplane it may reach 1.0 and become supersonic

  11. Supersonic Aerodynamics • Mach > 1 • Vehicle travels faster than the speed of sound • Shocks are generated because air cannot get out of the way fast enough

  12. Hypersonic Aerodynamics • Mach > 5 • Remember to stay in orbit you need to travel at 7.6 km/s (Mach 22) • When vehicle hits air molecules it breaks them apart and causes chemical reactions • We need more Research !

  13. My research on Hypersonics • Max Temp = 26,000K!! • Temperature of the Sun = 10,000 K

  14. Airplanes

  15. Parts of an Airplane

  16. Airplane Axes of Rotations

  17. Modern Cockpit

  18. Basic Cockpit

  19. Modern Cockpit

  20. Wing Design

  21. Airfoil Design, How do wings work?

  22. Wake and Stalls

  23. Coefficient of Lift and Drag

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