1 / 43

S UPERKONDUKTOR S UHU T INGGI

S UPERKONDUKTOR S UHU T INGGI. Prof Dr Roslan Abd Shukor Fakulti Sains & Teknologi Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ras@ukm.my. Ciri-ciri Superkonduktor. (i) Rintangan sifa r (R = 0) - arus elektrik boleh mengalir tanpa sebarang rintangan. (ii) Diamagnet sempurna (B dalam = 0)

machadok
Download Presentation

S UPERKONDUKTOR S UHU T INGGI

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SUPERKONDUKTOR SUHU TINGGI Prof Dr Roslan Abd Shukor Fakulti Sains & Teknologi Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ras@ukm.my

  2. Ciri-ciri Superkonduktor (i) Rintangan sifar (R = 0) - arus elektrik boleh mengalir tanpa sebarang rintangan.

  3. (ii) Diamagnet sempurna (Bdalam = 0) - tiada medan magnet dalam bahan

  4. Nobel Prize in Physics for Superconductivity (www.nobel.se) __________________________________________________________________ Year Scientists Contributions to Superconductivity __________________________________________________________________ 1913 H. K. Onnes Properties of materials at low temperature 1972 J. Bardeen, Microscopic (BCS) theory of conventional L. Cooper, and superconductors R. Schrieffer 1973 I. Giaever and Tunnelling effects in superconductor B. Josephson 1986 J. G. Bednorz and Discovery of the copper oxide based high K.A. Müller temperature superconductor 1991 P. de Gennes Studies on complex systems (including superconductivity) 2003 V.L. Ginzburg Pioneering contributions to the theory of A.A. Abrikosov superconductivity _______________________________________________________________________

  5. Nobel Prize 2003 "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" Alexei A. AbrikosovVitaly L. GinzburgAnthony J. Leggett

  6. Pasaran Dunia Menjelang tahun 2020 pasaran dunia berasaskan superkonduktor dianggarkan bernilai US$ 150 billion

  7. Pembentangan • Latar belakang • Kegunaan • Teori

  8. Latar Belakang Pada tahun 1911 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes dari Belanda telah menemui superkonduktor pertama iaitu merkuri pada suhu 4.2 K (Hadiah Nobel 1913) Teori superkonduktor konvensional (logam dan aloi) telah dikemukakan oleh Bardeen-Cooper -Schrieffer pada tahun 1957 (Hadiah Nobel 1972)

  9. Pada tahun 1986 dua ahli sains dari makmal IBM di Switzerland, Bednorz dan Müller menemui bahan seramik berasaskan kuprum oksida yang mensuperkonduksi pada suhu yang lebih tinggi

  10. Bahan Superkonduktor • Superkonduktor konvensional, logam dan aloi seperti Al, Pb, Nb3Sn, NbTi; suhu genting sehingga 23 K • Fermion Berat seperti CeCu2Si2, UBe13 suhu genting < 1 K • Asas kuprum oksida seperti HgBa2Ca3Cu4O11-d suhu genting sehingga 134 K • Borokarbida dan Boronitrida seperti LuNi2B2C dan La3Ni2B2N3 ; suhu genting < 20 K • Organik seperti K3C60 ; suhu genting < 43 K

  11. Ultraviolet  220 nm (Huffman, 1977) Astronomi 1960-an

  12. Logam alkali Karbon 60 (C60) Hablur C60

  13. Nature Physics October 2005 Crystal structure of C6Ca. The unit cell is rhombohedral with the calcium atoms in green and graphene sheet in red.

  14. Superkonduktor Suhu Tinggi (SST) La-Sr-Cu-O Tc 35 K (Bednorz & Muller, 1986, Switzerland) Y-Ba-Cu-O Tc 90 K (C.W. Chu et al, 1987, Houston) Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Tc 110 K (Maeda & Tanaka, 1988, Tokyo) Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O Tc 125 K (Sheng & Hermann, 1988, Arkansas) Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O Tc 134 K (Schilling,1993, Switzerland) Cu O Y Ba Satah CuO2 Sistem 2-dimensi

  15. March 2001

  16. Kegunaan Superkonduktor Industri Kuasa - motor - generator - penyimpan tenaga - transmisi - transformer dan - induktor

  17. KABEL TRANSMISI TENAGA

  18. HTSC wires & tapes fabrication (i) Mono-filamentary Billet (ii) Extrusion Deformation into a mono-filamentary wire (iv) Multifilamentary bundling A number of mono-filamentary wires formed from individual billets are bundled together. (iii) Rolling of wires.The resulting multi-filamentary wires are then deformed into HTS tape.

  19. SEM of Ag Sheath Bi2212 High Temperature Superconductor Tapes C-D Ag A D Bi2212 C B A-B

  20. Nasri & Abd-Shukor, 2001. Supercond. Sci. & Technol. (UK)

  21. HTS Transmission Cables An HTS power cable is a wire-based device that carries large amounts of electrical current. Warm Dielectric Cable The warm dielectric cable configuration features a conductor made from HTS wires wound around a flexible hollow core. Liquid nitrogen flows through the core, cooling the HTS wire to the zero resistance state. The conductor is surrounded by conventional dielectric insulation. The efficiency of this design reduces losses.

  22. Superconductor Transformers • Converts power from one voltage level to another. • Significant energy losses occur in conventional transformers due to the iron in the core and the copper in the windings. An HTS transformer replaces the copper wire coils with lower loss. • Small, quiet, lightweight and efficient HTS transformers can be used at substations within utility grid.

  23. HTSC Fault current limiter The current limitation is based on the quench of a superconductor due to a current exceeding its critical current, resulting in a tremendous increase of its electrical resistance. Superconductor in coolant bath

  24. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) A Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system, consists of superconductor coils. Energy stored within the coil can release megawatts of power within a fraction of a cycle to replace a sudden loss in line power

  25. Elektronik • Peranti Simpang Josephson • Pengesan Sinaran • Komunikasi • SQUID R Kecil R Besar

  26. Pengangkutan M A G L E V

  27. Pengimejan Resonans Magnet (MRI) foton (g) • Pengimbas dengan kontras tisu lembut yang tinggi • Kini terdapat 6000 unit MRI di seluruh dunia proton rf

  28. PERUBATAN Insulator a Ja JT B Jb Insulator b Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) Mengesan perubahan kecil medan magnet

  29. Communications • Improved Call Quality • The filtering of radio frequency (RF) energy represents an excellent application of superconductors because they can be used to achieve what no other technology has ever been capable of: producing the veritable “brick wall” filter that can reject unwanted signals while allowing desired signals to pass unimpeded through the filter. • Preselector filter located in the cell site building between the antenna and the base station receiver preamplifier. Small R Large R

  30. Beberapa Perkembangan Baru (i) SST merupakan bahan dengan gelombang-d iaitu pergerakan pasangan cas adalah anisotropik. Ini memungkinkan peranti baru untuk biomagnet direkabentuk. (ii) Konsep pemisahan spin dan cas bagi model elektron - dijangka membina sistem elektronik yang baru (Anderson et al. 1987, 2000). spinon (spin ) elektron atau lohong holon (cas Q)

  31. MEKANISME SUPERKONDUKTOR Elektron Ion kBTc = 1.14 wDe-1/l Teori Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Tc < 23 K

  32. The Atom Spin - magnetic property - Proton Consists of quarks Charge - electronic property

  33. Electrons attracted to each other by interaction with lattice vibration An electron distorts a lattice Produce a high charge density A second electron attracted to the area

  34. Superkonduktor Suhu Tinggi Di Angkasa S U N S A T Glassy Carbon Superconductor Launched by NASA in California, USA, 23 Feb 1999

  35. Lab Module Flight Module

  36. Geo Synch. Sat.  36,000 km Low Earth Orbit LEO < 1000 km O Cu Crystal structure YBa2Cu3O7-d Mazlan Othman, Roslan Abd-Shukor, Hasan Adli Alwi, Mohamad Deraman & Ahmad Zaharim

  37. +12V unregulated 2N3819 +5V regulated 1.2 k LM124J + +5V regulated Temperature sensor A _ LM124J + 3.9k B 1k _ 100 3.9k 1k The variation of (a) average current (Io), (b) internal temperature (bold line), and (c) external temperature, with time on June 7th 1999. The circuit diagram of the experimental module. The platinum resistor temperature sensor measures the external temperature of the satellite.

  38. S U P E R K O N D U K T O R V I S I M A S A H A D A P A N

  39. Einstein’s House 112 Mercer Street, Princeton, New Jersey

More Related