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Bioenergetic Reactions

Bioenergetic Reactions. J. R. Jones and M. Merritt Fall 2006. Bioenergetic Reactions. Reactions that occur in living things and involve the storing or the releasing of energy. The source of energy for all living things is the sun.

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Bioenergetic Reactions

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  1. Bioenergetic Reactions J. R. Jones and M. Merritt Fall 2006

  2. Bioenergetic Reactions • Reactions that occur in living things and involve the storing or the releasing of energy. • The source of energy for all living things is the sun. • However, most living things cannot use energy in this form. • These reactions create and use energy in the form of ATP.

  3. What is ATP? • ATP is a type of nucleic acid that is used to transfer energy within the cell. • When a phosphate group is added to ADP, energy is stored forming ATP. • Energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is released, forming ADP. • NADH is another energy carrier that functions similar to ATP. http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/LAD/C7/graphics/C7_atp_2.GIF

  4. Photosynthetic Organisms http://www.hawaii.edu/reefalgae/invasive_algae/chloro/clad_field_good_small.jpg http://www.wssa.net/photo&info/bmp/lupine.large-leaved.plants.jpg http://english.pravda.ru/img/2005/11/bacteria.jpg http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/GIFs/protists.jpg

  5. These are the organisms that can do photosynthesis: • Plants • Algae • Some protists • Some bacteria

  6. Photosynthesis • This reaction harnesses radiant energy from the sun and stores it as chemical energy in carbohydrates. • This reaction takes place in an organelle called the chloroplast. • It requires light and the pigment chlorophyll. • Equation: 6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2

  7. Organisms that do aerobic cellular respiration http://www.channelislandsrestoration.com/photos/images/IslandFox1.jpg http://www.rhs.org.uk/chelsea/2005/exhibitors/plants/images/GlebeCottagePlants.jpg http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/basidio/mushroomsismall.jpg

  8. These are the organisms that can do aerobic respiration: • Plants • Animals • Fungi • Protists • Some bacteria • ……basically anything alive!

  9. Aerobic Cellular Respiration • This reaction releases energy from the chemical bonds of carbohydrates. • This is an aerobic process which means it requires oxygen. • This reaction takes place in an organelle called the mitochondria. • Equation: 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H20 + 6CO2 + 36ATP

  10. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (Fermentation) • This is an anaerobic process which means that oxygen is not required. • There are two types of fermentation: • Alcohol Fermentation • Lactic Acid Fermentation http://www.schmohz.com/images/beer-fermenter.jpeg

  11. Alcohol Fermentation • Pyruvic acid + NADH NAD+ alcohol CO2 2 ATP

  12. Organisms that do alcohol fermentation • Yeast perform alcohol fermentation in the absence of oxygen. • The alcohol produced is the type that we drink. • The CO2 produced is used to make bread rise. http://www.utoronto.ca/greenblattlab/images/a/yeast%201.jpg

  13. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Pyruvic acid + NADH NAD+ lactic acid CO2 2 ATP *Lactic acid is what makes your muscles sore when you exercise.

  14. Organisms that do lactic acid fermentation • Humans (and other animals) - when they are exercising and their muscles aren’t getting enough O2 to keep up with the energy demand. • The build up of lactic acid is what makes your muscles start to burn. http://www.donlemmonsknowhow.com/img/exercise-session.jpg

  15. What’s the big deal about aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration? • You get way more ATP from aerobic cellular respiration than you do from anaerobic cellular respiration (fermentation). • Fermentation is mostly used to provide organisms with short-term bursts of energy when oxygen is not available. http://www.athleticsireland.ie/content/wp-content/uploads/2006/08/washington.jpg

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