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Integrated Pest Management for Insects and Mites in Greenhouse Production

Integrated Pest Management for Insects and Mites in Greenhouse Production. PSS 127 Greenhouse Operations and Management. What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ?.

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Integrated Pest Management for Insects and Mites in Greenhouse Production

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  1. Integrated Pest Management for Insects and Mites in Greenhouse Production PSS 127 Greenhouse Operations and Management

  2. What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ? • An intelligent selection and use of pest-control actions that will ensure favorable economic, ecological and sociological consequences.1 1 R.L Raab 1972.

  3. Why IPM? • Collapse of Control Systems. • Pesticide resistance. • Loss of pesticide registrations. • Health risks associated with pesticides for agricultural workers and consumers. • Loss of natural enemies brought on new pest outbreaks.

  4. Why Greenhouses? • Controlled environments • Semi-closed or closed production areas • Discreet number of insect pests • Monoculture v.s. Polyculture

  5. Basic IPM • Pest Identification • Monitoring or Scouting • Threshold and Action Levels • Tactics: Cultural, Mechanical, Physical, Biological, and Chemical • Evaluation

  6. Case #1 Two Spotted Spider Mite (TSSM) • Tetranychus urticae • Huge host plant range • Oval body, four pairs of legs. • Pale yellow-green or red with a dark spot on each side of the body. • Known for developing resistance to many pesticides.

  7. Crop Damage

  8. TSSM Biology

  9. Two Spotted Spider Mite Biology

  10. IPM Steps • 1. Identification: yes, TSSM • 2. Monitoring: How? What? • Use Scouting Methods. • Record Environmental Conditions.

  11. Scouting Equipment Optivisor Hand Lens Sticky yellow trap cards Scouting records

  12. Trap Cards as Scouting Tools • Yellow cards trap winged aphids, whiteflies, thrips, fungus gnats, and shore flies. • One card/250 – 1000ft2 • Horizontal is better for trapping fungus gnats. • They may snag natural enemies too.

  13. Plant Inspection • Look at: New tip growth Mature leaves Senescent leaves • Return to known problem areas. • Avoid edges.

  14. Thresholds and Action Levels • Problems: • Growers want to avoid risks; especially with high value crops. • Once the threshold level is reached, the probability of partial or total crop loss is high.

  15. IPM Tactic: 1. Cultural Control Weeds outside the greenhouse Weeds inside the greenhouse Cultivar Selection Sanitation

  16. IPM Tactic: 2. Mechanical Control • Using physical objects or devices to control pests. • Insect screening on intake vents, exhaust fans, and entrances. • 215-300 microns • Restricts air flow. • Electric Bug Zappers. • Insect Vacuums.

  17. IPM Tactic: 3. Physical Control • Altering environmental conditions to discourage pest infestation. • Temperature • Relative Humidity Case #1 TSSM: High Humidity discourages TSSM flare-ups.

  18. IPM Tactic: 4. Biological Control • Definition: Biological control is any activity of one species that reduces the adverse effects of other species.

  19. Types of Natural Enemies Predation Parasitism Herbivory Competition

  20. Case #1 TSSMBiological Control - Predatory mite: Phytoseiulus persimilis Two Spotted Spider Mite Phytoseiulus persimilis

  21. P.persimilis controls TSSM on cucumber, sweet pepper, tomato, eggplant, bean, cut flowers, strawberries and many field crops.

  22. Bio-control: ParasitismCase #2 Whitefly ControlCommon Pest of Greenhouse Tomato Greenhouse Whitefly Silverleaf Whitefly

  23. Bio-controls: Parasitic Hymenopterans Female Encarsia formosa Greenhouse Whitefly Parasitoid Silverleaf Whitefly Parasitoid

  24. IPM Tactic: 5. Chemical Control • Old school: Broad Spectrum pesticides • New school: Bio-rational pesticides

  25. Pesticide Efficacy • Correct pest identification. • Most susceptible pest life stage. • Good coverage. • Proper dosage. • Avoid tank mixes. • Rotate chemical families. Citrus Mealybug

  26. Bio-rational Pesticides • Look for compatibility with natural enemies • Specific target pest • Specific life stage (IGRs) • Short residual time • Short Restricted Entry Interval (REI)

  27. Case #3 Green Peach Aphid (GPA)Myzus persicae Unwinged GPA adults and nymphs Aphid damage Winged GPA ESM GPA

  28. Natural Enemies of Myzus persicae Chrysoperla carnea Aphidoletes aphidimyza Aphidius colemani Mummified aphid

  29. Side Effects of Pesticides on Natural Enemies • Mortality of eggs, immatures or adults. • Reduced fertility. • Effect moulting. • Repellency

  30. Compatibility of Bio-rational Pesticides and Natural Enemies (Koppert) http://www.koppert.nl

  31. Evaluation • Successful Crop • Cost (materials, labor, health risks, environmental damage) • Multiple tactics? • Ease of operation • What would you do differently next season?

  32. Mealybug predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

  33. Thank You

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