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Internet and Intranet Protocols Overview

Explore the significance of studying Internet and Intranet protocols, applications, and growth trends. Delve into the challenges, benefits, and the layered protocol model of computer networks.

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Internet and Intranet Protocols Overview

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  1. Internet and Intranet Protocols and Applications Lecture 1: Introduction January 21, 1999 Arthur P. Goldberg Clinical Associate Professor of Computer Science New York University artg@cs.nyu.edu

  2. Why Study “Internet and Intranet Protocols and Applications”? • Same systems used in the two major types of networks, the public Internet and internal (corporate) Intranets • Widely used, and becoming more so rapidly • Accessible for study, because protocol standards are published and their design is publicly debated

  3. Growth of the Internet “New survey” “Old survey” Source: Network Wizards; available at http://www.nw.com/zone/host-count-history, Jan 1997

  4. Growth of the Internet Source: Internet Domain Survey, July 1998, Network Wizards; http://www.nw.com/zone/WWW/report.html, Jan 1997 and Kleinrock, Queueing Systems, Vol 2: Computer Applications, pp. 305-308

  5. Growth of the Internet Source: Network Wizards; available at http://www.nw.com/zone/summary-reports/report-9707.doc, July 1997

  6. Growth of the Web Source: WebCrawler; WAS available at http://webcrawler.com/WebCrawler/Facts/Size.html, in Jan 1997

  7. Why Study “Internet and Intranet Protocols and Applications”? • Same systems used in the two major types of networks, the public Internet and internal (corporate) Intranets • Widely used, and becoming more so rapidly • Accessible for study, because design of protocol standards are publicly debated and published

  8. Things we design and build • Protocols • Client and server software (and intermediate systems, like caching proxies, gateways and firewalls) • Object formats for documents and programs (embedded in protocols)

  9. What do IIPAs do? • Share objects • Store, index, find objects • Transfer messages • Communicate securely • What don’t IIPAs do, typically? • Survive multiple application layer failures • Compute in parallel • Promise real-time performance

  10. Challenges • Heterogeneity • Client and server system architecture • Performance (in protocols and applications) • Interoperability (with existing protocols and applications) • End-user application design • Applications (Web sites and intranet systems - not a topic of this course)

  11. Highly Heterogeneous Computing Environment

  12. Other Heterogeneous Dimensions • OS • DOS … MVS • Architecture • x86 … CRAY • Spoken language • Legal entity

  13. The BSD Socket Interface • Partly integrated into existing I/O system calls • Servers • wait for a message to arrive • Clients • Initiate communications • Comer fig 5.4

  14. Tonight • Introduction • Growth of the Internet and intranets • Client/server systems • Review course • Syllabus • Textbooks and other readings, such as RFCs and papers • Assignments: homework, programming projects, take-home final • Layered protocol model of computer networks • Exponential growth in component performance / price

  15. We won’t study • Networking below the application layer (a prerequisite - you should be aware of routing, IP, TCP, UDP - but we’ll review for one week) • Programming languages (e.g. Java) - covered in Amsterdam’s “Programming for the WWW” • Writing HTML, cgi programs (you can learn this yourself) • Cryptographic protocol mathematics (important, but covered in “Privacy in Networks: Attacks & Defenses”, Rubin, Reiter & Kormann, T 5-7 402)

  16. Layered protocol model of computer networks • Application (We focus on activity here) • [Presentation] • [Session] • Transport • Network • Data • Physical

  17. Exponential Growth • Fundamental OBSERVED characteristic of two key areas of IT • Performance / Price of components - Gordon Moore’s ‘law’ • Market size and share • Like compound interest • x(y) @ x( y0 ) r ( y - y0) where r > 1

  18. Today • r @ Ö2, i.e.., doubling of performance / price every two years for a given price in • processors • memory (DRAM) • storage • disks, tapes, CD-ROMs • communications speeds • fiber, copper, microwave, spread spectrum

  19. Exponential Growth, e.g. • Transistors per chip • tpc @ x( y0 ) r ( y - y0) • y0 = 1972 • x( y0 ) = 1,500 • r = 2 1/2@ 1.41 • tpc @ 1500 x 1.41 ( y - 1972)

  20. Exponential Growth, Cont.

  21. Exponential Growth Dominates All Other • Consider • Exponential: xe = a r t • Linear: xl = b t • assume ( r > 1, a > 1, b > 1) • if (r t)/t > b/a • then xe > xl

  22. Moore, 1965 • “Complexity for minimum component costs has increased at a rate of roughly a factor of two per year. Over the longer term ... there is no reason to believe it will not remain nearly constant for 10 years.”

  23. Why ‘Moore’s law’? • Rising • Factory cost, factory output, market size • Stable • Cost per device ~= (total factory cost + design cost) / number of devices • Growing exponentially • Components per device • Thus, growing exponentially • Performance (proportional to components per device) / price

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