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ESA ’ s GMES SENTINEL-4 and SENTINEL-5

ESA ’ s GMES SENTINEL-4 and SENTINEL-5. J.-L. Bézy , G. Bazalgette Courrèges-Lacoste, P. Ingmann, J. Langen, B. Sierk, H. Stark, B. Veihelmann Earth Observation Directorate. Outline. GMES Sentinels programme S4/S5 Mission objectives Sentinel-4 Sentinel-5 (p) Programmatic status.

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ESA ’ s GMES SENTINEL-4 and SENTINEL-5

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  1. ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 and SENTINEL-5 J.-L. Bézy, G. Bazalgette Courrèges-Lacoste, P. Ingmann, J. Langen, B. Sierk, H. Stark, B. Veihelmann Earth Observation Directorate

  2. Outline • GMES Sentinels programme • S4/S5 Mission objectives • Sentinel-4 • Sentinel-5 (p) • Programmatic status OMI NO2 over Europe 2004-2005 Image by Pepijn Veefkind, KNMI KNMI/IASB/ESA

  3. GMES Components GMES is an EU led initiative Services Component – led by EC • Produces information services in response to European policy priorities in environment and security • Relies on data from in-situ and space component In-situ component – led by EEA • Observations mostly within national responsibility, with coordination at European level Space Component – led by ESA • Sentinels - EO missions developed specifically for GMES: • Contributing Missions - EO missions built for purposes other than GMES but offering part of their capacity to GMES (EU/ESA MSs, EUMETSAT, commercial, international) GMES is a perfect example of a system of systems

  4. GMES dedicated missions: Sentinels Sentinel 1 – SAR imaging All weather, day/night applications, interferometry 2013 A / 2015 B Sentinel 2 – Multi-spectral imaging Land applications: urban, forest, agriculture,.. Continuity of Landsat, SPOT 2013 A / 2016 B Sentinel 3 – Ocean and global land monitoring Wide-swath ocean color, vegetation, sea/land surface temperature, altimetry 2013 A / 2017 B Sentinel 4 – Geostationary atmospheric Atmospheric composition monitoring – flown on MTG 2018+ Sentinel 5 – Low-orbit atmospheric Atmospheric composition monitoring – flown on MetOp-SG (S5 Precursor launch in 2014) 2018+

  5. Environmental issues of changing atmospheric composition Climate Change and the Greenhouse Effect Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and enhanced surface UV Stability of the Atmospheric Oxidation Efficiency Information services needed for - Monitoring - Forecasting - Assessment - Mitigation Increase in background tropospheric ozone Intercontinental transport of pollutants and aerosols Enhanced aerosol and photo-oxidant levels due to biomass burning Acid Rain Aerosols in and downwind of regions of high population Nutrification of coastal waters and freshwater lakes; eutrophication Los Angeles Smog or "summer" smog London Smog

  6. Air pollution and its effect on human health Loss in life expectancy in months attributable to anthropogenic PM2.5 [months] Source: EU programme CAFE, CAFE Scenario Analysis Report Nr. 2. (Amann et al., 2004) “Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health and is estimated to cause approximately 2 million premature deaths worldwide per year.”

  7. The Current Capabilities Research missions SCIAMACHY (Envisat) – OMI (Aura), Scisat, Mopitt (Terra), Gosat Operational missions GOME-2, IASI (MetOp), OMPS, CRIS (JPSS) Main gaps in current / planned operational system • High temporal and spatial resolution (more cloud free-views) space-based measurements of tropospheric (PBL) composition for application to air quality • High spatial/high precision monitoring of climate gases (CO2, CH4 and CO) and aerosol monitoring with sensitivity to the PBL • High vertical resolution measurements in the UT/LS region for ozone and climate applications 80 km GOME-2 SCIAMACHY OMI S4/S5 7 km

  8. Mission Implementation • Mission concept for climate protocol monitoring(lower troposphere) andair qualityapplications • Implementation of S-4 and S-5 on Eumetsat platforms • Sentinel 4 will be a realised as • a UVN spectrometer embarked on the MTG-S platforms • utilisation of TIR data from the IR sounder onboard the same platforms • utilisation of imager data from the MTG-I platforms • Sentinel 5 will consist of • AUVNS spectrometer embarked on the post-EPS platforms • utilisation of data from the post-EPS IR sounder (IASI NG) • utilisation of post-EPS imager data (METimage) • utilisation of multi-directional polarisation imager if implemented

  9. Level 2 Products UV VIS NIR SWIR Sentinel-5 Sentinel-4 Ozone vertical profile (O3) Tropospheric ozone (O3) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Albedo Total ozone (O3) Aerosol Formaldehyde (HCHO) Bromine monoxide (BrO) Rayleigh scat. (cloud), aerosol abs. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Glyoxal (CHOCHO) O2-O2 (cloud) Water vapour and cloud (eff. scatt. height) O-A (cloud, aerosol) Methane (CH4) Aerosol profile Carbone monoxide (CO) 1800 2000 500 700 2200 2400 400 600 1600 200 300 800 Priority A Priority B Wavelength (nm)

  10. Level 2 Products Air quality and tropospheric composition ona global, regional and urban scale OMI PARASOL Courtesy: J.P. Veefkind (KNMI) Concentration maps for Asia MOPPIT SCIAMACHY Source: ONTRAQ study. (P. Levelt 2009) Courtesy: H. Eskes, KNMI SCIAMACHY

  11. The Instrument Challenge DOAS analysis of satellite spectra Irradiance and Radiance Measurement Derived Reflectance Note how small the NO2 features are, about 0.5% signal strength of the total signal Contributors to these Spectral Features are: polarisation scrambler, coatings, gratings, sun diffuser, straylight, gain change, … < 0.05 %! 3 nm

  12. Sentinel-4: GEO atmospheric mission Europe coverage in 1 hr

  13. S4 Images Acquisition Only illuminated areas are acquired (SZAmax=92°) 24 daily acquisitions

  14. S4 Requirements • Spectral bands UV VIS NIR 400 500 600 700 800 300 Wavelength (nm) • Spatial resolution: 8 km at 45°N • Coverage: Europe + Sahara • Repeat Cycle: 1 hr • Low sensitivity to polarisation (1%) • Low level of spectral features (0.05%) • High radiometric accuracy: < 3%

  15. S4 Instrument Overview Dispersing element • Imaging Spectrometer • Pushbroom in E/W direction • N/S FOV: 3.85° • E/W FOR: 11.2° • 2 grating spectrometers • UV-VIS: 305 – 500 nm • NIR: 750 – 775 nm • CCD detectors cooled at 210 K • Scan mirror: E/W scan • N/S: - compensation of MTG yaw flip manoeuvre around equinox • - seasonal shift in latitude (up to 10 deg) • High performance on board calibration sources (diffusers, lamp, LED) • Geostationary orbit, at about 0° longitude • Embarked on MTG-Sounder Satellite and operated by EUMETSAT Re-imaging lens Spectral radiance Collimator Slit l 2D array detector Telescope l x Ground swath Satellite motion

  16. S4 Instrument Overview Earth On axis refractive telescope (Ø 80 mm) UV-VIS Spectrograph NIR Spectrograph Calibration assembly 2-axis-gimbal mirror

  17. Sentinel-5 Requirements UV VIS NIR SWIR • Spectral bands • Spatial resolution: 15 km in UV1 – 7 km in other bands • Daily global coverage • Low sensitivity to polarisation (0.5%) • Low level of spectral features (0.05%) • High radiometric accuracy: < 2% 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1600 1800 2000 2400 Wavelength (nm)

  18. S5 instrument overview • Imaging grating Spectrometer • Pushbroom in along track direction • Wide swath: 2,650 km (FOV: 108.4°) • Up to 6 grating spectrometers (4 UVN – 2 SWIR) • Immersed gratings used for SWIR-1/3 • High performance on board calibration sources • sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit platform at 832 km mean altitude • Sentinel-5 embarked on post-EPS, operated by EUMETSAT FOV 108 deg Swath ~ 2650 km Courtesy of SRON

  19. The need for a Sentinel-5 Precursor • 1. Continuity of data Research missions (here Sciamachy, OMI, TES, Mopitt) stop ≤ 2014. Sentinel-5 on post-EPS not before ~2018. MetOp data do not satisfy S5 requirements: • CO and CH4: • No measurement by GOME-2; • IASI data have little PBL sensitivity. • Coarse spatial resolution • 2. Transition to operational scheme • Afternoon orbit required for AQ forecast (MetOp: 9:30h). • Use synergy S5 precursor – MetOp to start into observation of diurnal variation, as needed for AQ monitoring. (Will be picked up by S4 later). • Sentinel 5p will be a realised as a single-satellite atmospheric chemistry mission carrying a UVNS spectrometer, aiming at providing a gap-filler, within the 2014-2020 timeframe The need for a Sentinel-5 Precursor

  20. Programmatics Sentinel 4 Contract awarded to Astrium GmbH for €150 million to develop and build two instruments Sentinel 5 precursor Feasibility studies of the platform on-going; development phase planned for end 2011 Payload is developed by NSO (TROPOMI) with ESA contributions (SWIR, …) Sentinel 5 Feasibility studies on-going; development phase planned for 2013 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 MTG-I 2 40 MTG-I 3 MTG-I 4 S5p(13:35 LTAN) ENVISAT (10:00 LTDN) L E O MetOp A, B, C (09:30 LTDN) MetOp-SG (09:30 LTDN) , incl. S5/UVNS MTG-I 1 G E O MTG-S 1, incl. S4/UVN MTG-S 2, incl. S4/UVN

  21. Summary • Air pollution is a significant cause of health problems and environment damages worldwide • Sentinel-4 and -5 will monitor the Earth's atmosphere as part of the Europe Union's Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme • Mission will be embarked on MTG-S and MetOp-SG satellites for a launch in 2018+ and will be operated by EUMETSAT

  22. Thank you KNMI/IASB/ESA www.temis.nl

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