Extending Beyond the Text: Drawing Conclusions and Making Generalizations

1. Extending Beyond the Text: Drawing Conclusions and Making Generalizations

2. Take a minute and think about what “extending beyond the text” might mean? (Independently) Share your thoughts with your neighbor.

3. In order to extend beyond the text, a reader will need to “draw a conclusion” To draw a conclusion is to take all the evidence from a text or situation, combine that with your background knowledgeand then make an overall statement or judgmentabout that text or situation.

4. Extending Beyond the Text • - A reader should think about what it means OUTSIDE THE TEXT! • - Connect text to broader idea or concept • -Apply information to other texts or situations

5. “Extending Beyond the Text” types of questions: • One conclusion that a reader may draw from this selection is give a conclusion… • What conclusion can the reader draw from person/event/idea? • What is an important lesson from the story?

6. What lesson might someone learn from the story? • What two pieces of advice would the character give about (topic)? • After several years have passed, what will most likely be the (author’s/subject’s) next goal?

7. Use your background knowledge to think about the situation, then find the evidence in the text and then draw a conclusion Background Knowledge + Facts/Details + Inferences = Conclusion How do I answer an extending beyond the text question?

8. Valid Conclusion: Background knowledge (What did you already know?) Stop and think about the information and relate it to your experiences. Think about the passage that you just read Record facts/details from the text What inferences were you able to make?

9. Directions: Now read the following selection and use the graphic organizer to draw a conclusion. Summer With My Puppy I remember when I was just a child and the summer days made me sleepy and lethargic. Amid the waves of hot air, my dad dished out not one but two scoops of chocolate chip ice cream just for me! Mom usually only gave me one scoop and I knew dad gave me more because he wanted me to be happy. What joy I felt as the cool ice cream dripped down my hands and cooled my legs. Suddenly, I felt a hot breath touch my arm. Right next to me, I heard my puppy panting in the heat. The puppy looked at the cool chocolate chip ice cream and his soft brown eyes stared lovingly at me. I immediately offered him the whole cone and he licked it in delight. My puppy was so happy that he started to gulp down all of the ice cream until there wasn't a drop left. My dad glanced over from his barbequing and yelled for my mom. My puppy started throwing up and looked really sick. My mom grabbed the puppy and my dad grabbed me and off we went to the nearby animal hospital.

10. Background Knowlegde (What did you already know?) Stop and think about the information and relate it to your experiences. • Ice cream is a specialty food associated with good times, celebrations • Chocolate is toxic to dogs, but I am sure a child would not know this fact. Facts and Details that you just read Record facts/details from the text • The child has a double scoop of ice cream • The child shares her ice cream with her puppy • The puppy eats all of the chocolate chip ice cream What inferences were you able to make? • The child loves ice cream • The dad loves his daughter • The puppy loves the ice cream • Something is wrong with the dog after eating the ice cream Valid Conclusion: Loving dog owners sometimes unknowingly harm their animals

11. Making a Generalization A conclusion is drawn from facts, details, inferences and background knowledge about a specific situation. A generalization goes a big step further. A generalization is a principle, idea or statement based on specific instances but applied generally (to everybody in the world).

12. SteppingUp To Generalization • Generalizing requires that you take a conclusion and expand the statement to include everyone • Don’t step down to a stereotype A stereotype is a set of characteristics or a fixed generalization considered to represent a particular type of person or idea

13. Take A Stand Cats are better than dogs! Girls are smarter than boys! Fast food is fattening!

14. Practice Making Generalizations From Your Conclusions Directions: Take the conclusion that a local hometown softball team won the National softball tournament, and think about the hometown team winning and turn it into a generalization. The hometown team won. conclusion Apply to the world Everyone loves to win. generalization

15. KEY WORD: GENERALIZE or GENERALIZATION KEY WORD: DRAWING CONCLUSION Extending Beyond the Text KEY WORD: CHARACTERS GIVE ADVICE IMPORTANT! Still based on what you read (details, events etc) supported with quotes.

16. KEY WORD: GENERALIZE or GENERALIZATION (in general what was the author trying to say all people - or something true about the world) KEY WORD: DRAWING CONCLUSION (deep inference that applies to people outside of the text or to the world) Extending Beyond the Text - Think about what it means OUTSIDE THE TEXT! - Connect text to broader idea or concept -Apply information to other texts or situations IMPORTANT! Still based on what you read (details, events etc). Your generalizations, conclusions, and advice supported with quotes. KEY WORD: CHARACTERS GIVE ADVICE (think what would characters want all people/the world to know, to think, or to act?)