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Chapter 20 SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical Network /Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)

Chapter 20 SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical Network /Synchronous Digital Hierarchy). SONET Developed by ANSI. Set of standards to take advantage of the high-speed digital transmission capability of fiber optic It is a synchronous network (a single clock is used to handle the synchronization)

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Chapter 20 SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical Network /Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)

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  1. Chapter 20SONET/SDH(Synchronous Optical Network /Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)

  2. SONET Developed by ANSI • Set of standards to take advantage of the high-speed digital transmission capability of fiber optic • It is a synchronous network • (a single clock is used to handle the synchronization) • Employed by telephone companies and common carriers. • It’s transmission speeds range from 51 Mbps to multiple Gigabits per second.

  3. SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) • The European counterpart to SONET • Developed by ITU-T

  4. Synchronous Transport Signals(STS) • SONET specification: • Defines a hierarchy of standardized of 10 signaling levels. (STS-1 through STS-192) • Each signaling level supports a certain data rate. • The physical link specifications are referred by optical carriers (OCs)

  5. Observations • Multiple STS-1 signals can be multiplexed to form STS-n signal • The lowest rate for SDH is 155.52 Mbps. • The lowest-rate signal to accommodate an ITU-T level 4 signal (139.264 Mbps) • The difference in capacity is needed for overhead of the optical system.

  6. SONET Devices • STS Multiplexer/Demultiplexer • Regenerator (repeater) • Add/Drop Multiplexer

  7. SONET System and Connections

  8. Different levels of SONET Connections (Sections, Lines,and Path) • Section: • An optical link connecting two neighbors • Line: • The portion of the network between two multiplexers • Path: • An end-to-end portion of the network between two STS Multiplexers

  9. SONET Layers SONET defines four layers: • Photonic layer: • Section layer: It provides framing, scrambling, and error control. Also responsible for moving the signal across a physical section. • Line layer: Responsible for moving the signal across a physical line. Multiplexers provide these functions. • Path layer: Responsible for moving the signal from its optical source to its optical destination.

  10. SONET Layers

  11. Device-Layer Relationship

  12. Frame Format • STS-1 frame is the basic building block for SONET. • Frame size is 810 octets transmitted every 125 sec. (51.84 Mbps) • Logically can be viewed as a matrix of 9 rows and 90 columns. • Transmitted one row at a time from left to right and from top to bottom. • First three columns are used for overhead.

  13. STS-1 Frame

  14. STS-1 Overhead

  15. STS-n

  16. STS Multiplexing

  17. ATM in an STS-3 Envelope

  18. SONET Applications • Designed to provide backbone for WANs • Can replace T-1 and T-3 lines • Can be a carrier for ISDN and B-ISDN • Can be a carrier for ATM cells • Can support bandwidth on demand

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