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Nonmedical Prescription Drug (Rx) Use in Indiana 2011

Nonmedical Prescription Drug (Rx) Use in Indiana 2011. Eric R. Wright, PhD Chair, Indiana SEOW Director, Center for Health Policy . SEOW .

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Nonmedical Prescription Drug (Rx) Use in Indiana 2011

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  1. Nonmedical Prescription Drug (Rx) Use in Indiana2011 Eric R. Wright, PhD Chair, Indiana SEOW Director, Center for Health Policy

  2. SEOW • In 2005, Indiana received a SPF SIG grant from SAMHSA to help build a solid foundation for delivering and sustaining effective substance abuse prevention services • Requirement of grant: Establishment of SEOW • In 2009, Indiana’s DMHA switched SEOW funding from SPF SIG to SAPT block grant to ensure continuation of workgroup beyond SPF SIG

  3. State Epidemiological Profiles • Annual publications (2006-2010) – currently working on 2011 report • Companion documents (fact sheets and chart pack) • Available at www.healthpolicy.iupui.edu • Review of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, meth, Rx drugs, and polysubstance abuse • Supplements to the 2011 Report • Returning vets • LGTB • Ex-offenders • Dual diagnosis/co-occurring disorder

  4. Most Recent ATOD Issue Briefs • What’s Cooking? Meth Use in Indiana (2010) • An Epidemiological Overview of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use in Indiana (2010) • Injection Drug Use In Indiana (2010) • Economic Impact of Substance Abuse and Misuse in Indiana (2010) • Underage Drinking: A Culture of Drinking on Indiana’s College Campuses? (2009) • Prescription Drug Abuse Is a Growing Problem in Indiana (2008) • Fatal Drug Overdoses: A Growing Concern in Indiana (2008)

  5. Most Commonly Abused Rx Drugs • Pain relievers (opioids, narcotics) • Oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin, Percocet), hydrocodone, codeine, and morphine • Central nervous system depressants (sedatives, tranquilizers, hypnotics) • Barbiturates (e.g., Mebaral, Nembutal) and benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium, Xanax) • Stimulants (used to treat attention deficit disorders, narcolepsy, and weight loss) • Dextroamphetamine (e.g., Dexedrine, Adderall) and methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta) [NIDA, October 2011]

  6. The INSPECT Program • Indiana Scheduled Prescription Electronic Collection & Tracking Program • Indiana’s Rx drug monitoring program • Collects information on all controlled substances (schedules II-V) dispensed in Indiana • Mandatory reporting • Maintained by the Indiana Professional Licensing Agency/Board of Pharmacy • Doesn’t distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate (nonmedical) use [Indiana Board of Pharmacy, n.d.]

  7. Controlled Rx Drugs Dispensed in Indiana • Source: Indiana Board of Pharmacy, 2011

  8. Rx Drugs Dispensed, by Gender • Note: All gender differences were significant, P < .001. • Source: Indiana Board of Pharmacy, 2011

  9. The Growing Problem of Rx Abuse • Abuse of Rx drugs is a serious and growing public health problem in Indiana and the U.S. • Almost 52 million Americans (20.4%) ages 12+ have used Rx drugs nonmedically at least once in their life; this includes pain relievers, sedatives, tranquilizers, and stimulants (2010). • In Indiana, over a million Hoosiers (20.7%)reported that they misused Rx drugs at least once in their life (2002-2004) [Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, n.d]

  10. Lifetime, Past Year, and Current Nonmedical Rx Drug Use, Indiana and U.S. (National Survey on Drug Use and Health) Note: Indiana data based on NSDUH averages from 2002-2004 (most recent estimates); U.S. data based on 2010 results. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, n.d

  11. Nonmedical Pain Reliever Use in the Past Year, Indiana and U.S., by Age Group (NSDUH, 2009) Note: The differences between Indiana and U.S. were NOT statistically significant. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, n.d.

  12. Percentage of College Students Reporting Rx Misuse in the Past Six Months in Indiana, 2011 Key: Opioid Stimulant CNS Depressant Other Source: Indiana Collegiate Action Network, 2011

  13. What is Driving the Prevalence of Nonmedical Rx Use? NIDA (October 2011) suggests three main drivers: • Misperceptions about their safety • Increasing environmental availability • Varied motivations for their abuse

  14. Sources of Rx Drugs Among the U.S. population ages 12 and older who used pain relievers nonmedically in the past year: • 55.0% got the pain relievers they most recently used from a friend or relative for free • 17.3% got the pain relievers they most recently used through a prescription from one doctor • 11.4% bought them from a friend or relative • 4.8% took them from a friend or relative without asking • 4.4% got them from a drug dealer or other stranger • 0.4% bought them on the Internet [Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, n.d.]

  15. Consequences of Rx Abuse The consequences of Rx abuse are similar to those of illicit drug use and include: • Legal consequences • Health consequences (abuse and dependence/addiction)

  16. Number of Arrests for Possession and Sale/ Manufacture of “Other Drugs” (Barbiturates and Benzedrine) in Indiana (UCR, 1999–2008) Source: National Archive of Criminal Justice Data, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, n.d.

  17. Arrest Rates, per 1,000 Population, for Possession and Sale/Manufacture of “Other Drugs” (Barbiturates and Benzedrine), Indiana and U.S. (UCR, 1999–2008) Source: National Archive of Criminal Justice Data, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, n.d.

  18. Percentage of Indiana and U.S. Treatment Episodes with Nonmedical Rx Drug Use (TEDS, 2009) ALL RX USE Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive, n.d.

  19. Percentage of Indiana and U.S. Treatment Episodes with Nonmedical Rx Drug Dependence (TEDS, 2009) ALL RX DEPENDENCE Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive, n.d.

  20. Nonmedical Rx Use Reported at Admission, Rate per 1,000 Population (TEDS, 2010) Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Revenue Enhancement and Data, 20106

  21. Final Thoughts • Abuse of Rx drugs is a serious and growing public health problem in Indiana and the U.S. • Opioid-based pain medications (e.g., oxycodone) are the most frequently abused Rx drug • Pain meds are most frequently abused by females, whites, and young adults (18-25)

  22. Center for Health Policy The Center for Health Policy collaborates with state and local government, as well as public and private healthcare organizations in health policy and program development to conduct high quality program evaluation and applied research on critical health policy-related issues. Eric R. Wright, PhD Director, Center for Health Policy Professor and Interim Chair Department of Public Health, IU School of Medicine Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) 714 N Senate Ave, Suite 220 Indianapolis, IN 46202 317-274-3161 ewright@iupui.edu www.healthpolicy.iupui.edu

  23. References Indiana Board of Pharmacy. (2011). INSPECT datasets for 2009 and 2010. Received May 26, 2011, from Joshua Klatte, Program Director, INSPECT Prescription Monitoring Program, Indiana Board of Pharmacy. Indiana Board of Pharmacy. (n.d.). INSPECT. Retrieved December 7, 2011, from http://www.in.gov/pla/inspect.htm Indiana Collegiate Action Network. (2011). Results of the Indiana College Substance Use Survey 2011. Received October 12, 2011, from Lisa Hutcheson, Director of ICRUD and ICAN. Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Revenue Enhancement and Data. (2011). TEDS County Data, 2010. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana Family and Social Services Administration National Archive of Criminal Justice Data, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan. (n.d.). Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. Available from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACJD National Institute on Drug Abuse. (May 2011). Prescription Drug Abuse. Retrieved December 7, 2011, from http://www.nida.nih.gov/tib/prescription.html National Institute on Drug Abuse. (October 2011). Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction. Retrieved December 7, 2011, from http://www.nida.nih.gov/ResearchReports/Prescription/Prescription.html Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive. (n.d.). Treatment Episode Data Set - Admissions (TEDS-A), 2009. Available from http://webapp.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/SAMHDA/STUDY/24280.xml Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (n.d.). National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Retrieved December 7, 2011, from https://nsduhweb.rti.org/

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