2.3 Puritan New England

2.3 Puritan New England Objective: Learn the motivations for Puritan migration. Describe the Puritans interactions with the Native Americans. Understand the characteristics of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. HW: 2.4

The Puritans are coming!! Unit 2

Puritans create New England http://www.winthropsociety.org/portraits.php • Puritans? Purify what? • Puritan Separatists exiled by King James I; they go to Holland • In 1620 these Pilgrims(Puritan Separatists) left Holland & found Plymouth Bay Colony • In the northern colonies what was the motivation? • Merged with Mass. Bay Colony in 1691

Massachusetts Bay Colony http://www.winthropsociety.org/portraits.php • 1630, as a “city on a hill” for Puritans • Led by John Winthrop, Governor of colony • Established an independent government for the colony (tricky) • 2/3 of males (church members only: c. 40%) voted for the General Council that selected the Governor • Very large and well-stocked expedition • Very successful, encouraged the “Great Migration” • 20,000 migrated between 1630 and 1640

“City upon a hill” • Protestant work ethic  God rewards his elect • All “freemen” who were church members could vote – (very democratic at the time) • Church and state were closely linked • Taxes supported the church • Laws punished both criminal and undesirable act such as idleness and drunkenness  “Blue Laws” • Little concept of privacy – Church and State could punish parents for poor parenting, marital problems, etc • Why so much more successful at first?

Dissent in the Puritan Community http://www.greatwomen.org/women.php?action=viewone&id=84 Anne Hutchinson:exiledin 1638(Why?) In 1643 she and her family were killed in a war fought between the Dutch colonists and N. Americans She is seen as the beginning of the American tradition of Freedom of Conscience. Roger Williams: fled MBC in 1636(Why?) Befriended by Native Am and settled in Narragansett Bay. Founded Rhode Island – community based on religious tolerance. http://www.rogerwilliams.org/biography.htm

Conflict with Native Americans Original co-existence w/ Native Americans (Algonquin) • Wompanoag (helped early settlers at Plymouth) • Did not see them as a threat (sick, women & children, starving) • Why did Massasoit not finish them off? (Narragansett threat!) • Puritan View of Native Americans • Expansion leads to conflict with Pequot Nation(P. 56) • View of land “ownership” • 1637 Punitive conflict begins, Pequots are exterminated. • Metacom, aka King Philip, resists expansion and destruction of his culture • King Philip’s War, 1675 • Wampanoag tribe is destroyed, Metacom killed • Was the last Native American resistance in Puritan colonies • Conflict is denounced by Roger Williams

Seal of Mass Bay

Pequot War -1637 “At the time of the Pequot War, Pequot strength was concentrated along the Pequot (now Thames) and Mystic Rivers in what is now southeastern Connecticut. Mystic, or Missituk, was the site of the major battle of the War. Under the leadership of Captain John Mason from Connecticut and Captain John Underhill from Massachusetts Bay Colony, English Puritan troops, with the help of Mohegan and Narragansett allies, burned the village and killed the estimated 400-700 Pequots inside. The battle turned the tide against the Pequots and broke the tribe's resistance. Many Pequots in other villages escaped and hid among other tribes, but most of them were eventually killed or captured and given as slaves to tribes friendly to the English. The English, supported by Uncas' Mohegans, pursued the remaining Pequot resistors until all were either killed or captured and enslaved. After the War, the colonists enslaved survivors and outlawed the name "Pequot.“” – source:http://www.colonialwarsct.org/1637.htm

2,000 English killed 5,000 Natives Tide turns when the Mohawk form an alliance with the English Phillip’s head in Plymouth for 20 years http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?ST9%20King%20Philip

Causes and Effects of King Philip’s War (use p. 57)CAUSES EFFECTS 1675

2.3 Puritan New England