Fisheries i n the USA

1. Fisheries in the USA By Kaila and Justin

2. Fisheries Afishery is an area with a fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial value. It can also be a place where fish are bred, a fishing business, or the legal right to fish in specified waters or areas. Fisheries can be saltwater or freshwater, wild or farmed.

3. Sustainability A sustainable fishery produces consistent output over an indefinite period without damaging the environment. PROBLEM: Fish are currently supplying the greatest percentage of the world's protein, consumed by humans. This may soon change, since more than 70% of the world's fisheries are overexploited, which threatens the health and economy of communities all over the world. People worldwide are catching 250% more fish than the ocean can sustainably produce. Areas such as the north-eastern coast of the U.S. have fished certain species to collapse. In some cases, depleted fish stocks have been restored, but this is only possible if the species' ecosystem remains intact (if the ecosystems aren’t destroyed). Fisheries throughout North America are faced with serious threats to their sustainability. Some of the key factors challenging fisheries sustainability include human population growth, overfishing, habitat alteration and destruction, water quality impairment, aquacultural operations, introduction of alien species, and global climate change.

4. Continued… SOLUTION TheSustainable Management of North American Fisheries, leaders in the fields of sustainability, science, and environmental management examine the most important constraints on fisheries sustainability, and provide a solution for maintaining and restoring healthy aquatic and marine systems in North America, as well as the important fisheries that they support. The mission of the American Fisheries Society is to improve the protection and sustainability of fishery resources and aquatic ecosystems by advancing fisheries and aquatic science and promoting the development of fishery professionals.

5. Management • Fisheries management uses fisheries science in order to find ways to protect fishery resources so sustainable exploitation is possible. It also involves regulating when, where, how, and how much fishermen are allowed to catch fish, to ensure that there will be fish in the future. • Federal fisheries management in the United States is driven primarily by the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Actwhich helps to:(1) Prevent overfishing . (2) Use the best scientific information available. (3) Manage the number of individual species of fish • caught.(5)Promote efficiency of the fishing industry.(7) Minimize costs and overuse of facilities.(8) Take into account the importance of fishery • resources .(9) Minimize bycatch (unwanted fish) or the death • of bycatch.

6. Dynamics Fisheries dynamics The Fisheries dynamics research group studies: Capture rates, effort and fleet (ships) development in commercial fisheries and tourist fishing and gathering of fishery-dependent data. In 2006, Americans consumed 4.4 pounds of shrimp, per capita.The United States imported 1.23 billion pounds of shrimp in 2007, a 5.7 percent decline from 2006.Roughly 90 percent of the U.S. shrimp supply is imported.Shrimp has been America's favorite seafood since 2001. Shrimp

7. Local Dynamics Mississippi The shrimp industry has been an extremely big part of the Mississippi's coastal development. The value of Mississippi's annual shrimp harvest, according to National Marine Fisheries Service statistics for 2002, was approximately $29.8 million. Mississippi's annual commercial landings(number of shrimp caught and taken to land) is approximately 16.7 million pounds. Domestic shrimpers are now required to use bycatch reduction and turtle excluder devices.

8. Regional Dynamics • The Gulf of Mexico • In the Gulf of Mexico, the shrimp season takes place in the summer months, between late May and early July, beginning later and ending earlier the further north along the coast a location is. According to the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, in the Gulf of Mexico, three pounds of bycatch are caught for every pound of shrimp that goes to market. While the Worldwide Fund for Nature, in the Gulf of Thailand it can be 14 pounds of bycatch per pound of shrimp. • In the Gulf of Mexico a permit is required to catch shrimp. • The Gulf Coast region is home to the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council, responsible for management and conservation of habitat and fish stocks of the 200 mile zone off of Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. Current Fishery Management Plans of the Gulf of Mexico Council are for reef fish, shrimp, spiny lobster, stone crab, corals, migratory pelagics and red drum.

9. Continued… Agovernment study estimated that 10 years ago, 86,000 sea turtles died annually in the Gulf of Mexico as a result of bycatch. Government-mandated changes in fishing gear have reduced mortality to an estimated 25,000 sea turtles a year .

10. Global Dynamics The species that support the majority of the world’s fisheries include herring, cod, anchovy, tuna, flounder, mullet, squid, shrimp, salmon, crab, lobster, oyster and scallops. All except the last four provided a worldwide catch of over 1,000,000 tonnes in 1999. The recent world shrimp catch is about 3.4 million tonnes per year, with Asia as the most noteworthy area for shrimp fishing. World production of shrimp, both captured and farmed, is about 6 million tonnes, of which about 60 percent enters the world market. Shrimp is now the most important internationally traded fishery commodity in terms of value. In many tropical developing countries, it is the most valuable fishery export. About 75% of the world production of farmed shrimp comes from Asian countries; the two leading nations being China and Thailand, closely followed by Vietnam, Indonesia, and India. The other 25% are produced in the western hemisphere, mostly in the South-American countries, Brazil and Mexico.

11. Continued… The following table shows the yearly weight of shrimp and prawns captured globally in millions of tonnes: Production Million tonnes 1999 3.03 2000 3.09 2001 2.96 2002 2.97 2003 3.55 2004 3.54 2005 3.42

12. Annual shrimp catches in the ten study countries.

13. Bibliography Fisheries Management. (2010). Fish watch Management. Referred from: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/fishwatch/management.htm The U.S. Gulf Shrimp Fishery. (2010). Climate variability, Climate change and Fisheries. Referred From: http://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=7jgQZdVLFnEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA89&dq=usa+shrimp+fisheries&ots=3pwQeGvM98&sig=CgJXQSbMwa9TETKfjYJ9UDcRE8k#v=onepage&q=usa%20shrimp%20fisheries&f=false Fishing Grounds. (2020). A New Era For American Fisheries Management. Referred From: http://books.google.ca/books?id=A6Z2oOPzCgAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=american+fisheries&source=bl&ots=YOYQGpSLSn&sig=g_riwJsw1qYBXAZPd8hgOeJh8nM&hl=en&ei=KLjqS5LjB8H_lgejyMmcBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CDUQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q&f=false The North American Fisheries. (2010). A & C Society. Referred From: http://www.aandc.org/research/north_american_fisheries_1854.html Fisheries Management Councils. (2010). Oceana North America. Referred From: http://na.oceana.org/en/policy/fishery-management-councils Fisheries of North America. (2010). Geographical Review. Referred From: http://www.jstor.org/pss/210141