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A Tragic Pattern How the Play is Built
Tragedy A tragedy is a narrative about serious and important actions that end unhappily. Usually a tragedy ends with the deaths of the main characters. In some tragedies the disaster hits totally innocent characters; in others the main characters are in some ways responsible for their downfall. Shakespeare’s tragic plays usually follow this five-part pattern:
ACT ONE: Exposition The exposition establishes the setting, introduces some of the main characters, explains background, and introduces the characters’ main conflict.
ACT TWO: Rising Action The rising action consists of a series of complications. These occur as the main characters take action to resolve their problems.
ACT THREE: Crisis, or Turning Point The crisis, or turning point, is the moment when a choice made by the main characters determines the direction of the action: upward to a happy ending, which would be a comedy, or downward to tragedy. This turning point is the dramatic and tense moment when the forces of conflict come together: Look for the turning point in Act III.
ACT FOUR: Falling Action The falling action presents events that result from the action taken at the turning point. These events usually lock the characters deeper and deeper into disaster; with each event we see the characters falling straight into tragedy.
ACT FIVE: Climax and Resolution The final and greatest climax occurs at the end of the play—usually in tragedy, with the deaths of the main characters. In the resolution (or denouement) the loose parts of the plot are all tied up. The play is over.