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Linux 系统应用与程序设计

Linux 系统应用与程序设计. 主讲：邝颖杰 电邮： kuangyingjie@163.com. gtk-demo pkg-config. GTK+ 程序示例. 登录程序 按钮. #include <gtk/gtk.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> const char * password="secret"; void closeApp(GtkWidget *window,gpointer data){ gtk_main_quit(); }

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Linux 系统应用与程序设计

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  1. Linux 系统应用与程序设计 主讲：邝颖杰 电邮：kuangyingjie@163.com

  2. gtk-demo • pkg-config

  3. GTK+程序示例 • 登录程序 • 按钮

  4. #include <gtk/gtk.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> const char * password="secret"; void closeApp(GtkWidget *window,gpointer data){ gtk_main_quit(); } void button_clicked(GtkWidget *window,gpointer data){ const char *password_text=gtk_entry_get_text(GTK_ENTRY((GtkWidget *)data)); if (strcmp(password_text,password)==0) printf("Access granted!\n"); else printf("Access denied!\n"); }

  5. int main(int argc,char *argv[]){ GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *username_label,*password_label; GtkWidget *username_entry,*password_entry; GtkWidget *ok_button; GtkWidget *hbox1,*hbox2; GtkWidget *vbox; gtk_init(&argc,&argv); window=gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"GtkEntryBox"); gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window),GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window),200,200); g_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(window),"destroy",GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(closeApp),NULL);

  6. username_label=gtk_label_new("Login:"); password_label=gtk_label_new("Password:"); username_entry=gtk_entry_new(); password_entry=gtk_entry_new(); gtk_entry_set_visibility(GTK_ENTRY(password_entry),FALSE); ok_button=gtk_button_new_with_label("OK"); g_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(ok_button),"clicked",GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(button_clicked),password_entry); hbox1=gtk_hbox_new(TRUE,5); hbox2=gtk_hbox_new(TRUE,5); vbox=gtk_vbox_new(FALSE,10); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(hbox1),username_label,TRUE,FALSE,5); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(hbox1),username_entry,TRUE,FALSE,5); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(hbox2),password_label,TRUE,FALSE,5); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(hbox2),password_entry,TRUE,FALSE,5); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),hbox1,FALSE,FALSE,5); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),hbox2,FALSE,FALSE,5); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),ok_button,FALSE,FALSE,5); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),vbox); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }

  7. GtkButton • GtkButton • GtkToggleButton • GtkCheckButton • GtkRadioButton

  8. #include <gtk/gtk.h> • #include <stdio.h> • GtkWidget *togglebutton; • GtkWidget *checkbutton; • GtkWidget *radiobutton1,*radiobutton2; • void closeApp(GtkWidget *window,gpointer data) • { • gtk_main_quit(); • } • void add_widget_with_label(GtkContainer *box,gchar *caption,GtkWidget *widget) • { • GtkWidget *label=gtk_label_new(caption); • GtkWidget *hbox=gtk_hbox_new(TRUE,4); • gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(hbox),label); • gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(hbox),widget); • gtk_container_add(box,hbox); • }

  9. void print_active(char *button_name,GtkToggleButton *button) • { • gboolean active=gtk_toggle_button_get_active(button); • printf("%s is %s\n",button_name,active?"active":"not active"); • } • void button_clicked(GtkWidget *button,gpointer data) • { • print_active("Checkbutton",GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(checkbutton); • print_active("Togglebutton",GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(togglebutton); • print_active("Radiobutton1",GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(radiobutton1); • print_active("Radiobutton2",GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(radiobutton2); • printf("\n"); • }

  10. gint main(gint argc,gchar *argv[]) • { • GtkWidget *window; • GtkWidget *button; • GtkWidget *vbox; • gtk_init(&argc,&argv); • window=gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); • gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window),GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); • gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window),200,200); • g_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(window),"destroy",GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(closeApp),NULL); • button=gtk_button_new_with_label("OK"); • togglebutton=gtk_toggle_button_new_with_label("Toggle"); • checkbutton=gtk_check_button_new(); • radiobutton1=gtk_radio_button_new(NULL); • radiobutton2=gtk_radio_button_new_from_widget(GTK_RADIO_BUTTON(radiobutton1));

  11. vbox=gtk_vbox_new(TRUE,4); • add_widget_with_label(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox),"ToggleButton:",togglebutton); • add_widget_with_label(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox),"CheckButton:",checkbutton); • add_widget_with_label(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox),"Radio 1:",radiobutton1); • add_widget_with_label(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox),"Radio 2:",radiobutton2); • add_widget_with_label(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox),"Button:",button); • g_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(button),"clicked",GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(button_clicked),NULL); • gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),vbox); • gtk_widget_show_all(window); • gtk_main(); • return 0; • }

  12. 程序的参数处理 • Shell脚本程序使用$0,$1接收参数 • C程序： • int main(int argc,char *argv[]) • argc是程序参数的个数，argv是代表参数自身的字符串数组 • 如果不声明argc，argv，就不能使用

  13. Shell接收用户输入的命令行，将命令行分解成单词，然后把单词放入argv数组Shell接收用户输入的命令行，将命令行分解成单词，然后把单词放入argv数组 • 如 myapp left right ‘and center’ • argc：4 • argv：{“myapp”,”left”,”right”,”and center”} • 参数个数包括程序自身名称

  14. 命令行选项 • ls –l –s –t –r • df –m • 命令行开关都应以一个短横线开头，包含单个字母或数字

  15. C程序处理命令行选项 • 演示

  16. 利用getopt函数处理命令行选项 • getopt是linux的函数，它支持需要关联值和不需要关联值的选项 • Int getopt(int argc,char *const argv[],const char *optstring) • *optstring是选项指定字符串，告诉getopt哪些选项可用，以及每个选项是否有关联值 • optstring每个字符代表一个单字符选项，如果一个字符后面紧跟一个冒号，则表明选项有关联值

  17. getopt （argc ，argv，”if:lr”） • 该函数返回值是argv数组的下一个选项字符 • 如果选项有关联值，则外部变量optarg指向这个值 • 如果选项处理完毕，getopt返回-1，特殊参数- -使函数停止 • 如果遇到无法识别的选项，返回一个？号，并把它保存在外部变量optopt中 • 如果选项要求关联值，但未提供该值，则返回：

  18. 程序参数 • 演示

  19. 时间和日期 • 所有的unix系统都使用同一个时间和日期的起点：格林尼治时间（GMT）1970年1月1日0点，这是unix纪元的起点，linux也不例外 • Linux系统中所有的时间都以从那时起经过的秒数来衡量 • MS-DOS也是类似，只是它的纪元始于1980年

  20. 时间通过一个预定义的类型time_t处理，是长整数时间通过一个预定义的类型time_t处理，是长整数 • #include <time.h> • time_t time(time_t *tloc)

  21. #include <time.h> • #include <stdio.h> • #include <unistd.h> • int main() • { • int i; • time_t thetime; • for (i=1;i<=10;i++) • { • thetime=time((time_t *)0); • printf("the time is %ld \n",thetime); • sleep(2); • } • exit(0); • }

  22. gmtime函数 • struct tm *gmtime(const time_t timeval) • tm的结构 • Int tm_sec • Int tm_min • Int tm_hour • Int tm_mday • Int tm_mon • Int tm_year • Int tm_wday 星期几 • Int tm_yday • Int tm_isdst 是否夏令时

  23. #include <time.h> • #include <stdio.h> • int main() • { • struct tm *tm_ptr; • time_t thetime; • (void)time(&thetime); • tm_ptr=gmtime(&thetime); • printf("raw time is %ld \n",thetime); • printf("gmtime gives:\n"); • printf("date: %02d/%02d/%02d\n",tm_ptr->tm_year,tm_ptr->tm_mon+1,tm_ptr->tm_mday); • printf("time: %02d:%02d:%02d\n",tm_ptr->tm_hour,tm_ptr->tm_min,tm_ptr->tm_sec); • exit(0); • }

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