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AIDS & HIV

AIDS & HIV. Timeline. AIDS – 20 years of epidemic. On June 5, 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published a notice on page two of its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report about a strange outbreak of killer pneumonia striking homosexual men. AIDS – 20 years ago.

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AIDS & HIV

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  1. AIDS & HIV Timeline

  2. AIDS – 20 years of epidemic • On June 5, 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published a notice on page two of its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report about a strange outbreak of killer pneumonia striking homosexual men.

  3. AIDS – 20 years ago • On June 5, 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published a notice on page two of its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report about a strange outbreak of killer pneumonia striking homosexual men. • From that obscure beginning, AIDS grew into the public health disaster of our time, a global phenomenon that has tested social, cultural, religious and scientific beliefs.

  4. AIDS – 20 years ago • Twenty years later -- with expensive drug therapies but no cure or vaccine in sight -- AIDS continues to spread rapidly, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. • Many researchers warn that the worst is yet to come.

  5. 1926 Some scientists believe HIV spread from monkeys to humans between 1926 - 1946. Recent research indicates HIV most probably first jumped from chimpanzees to humans as early as 1675 and didn't establish itself as an epidemic strain in Africa until 1930

  6. 1959 A man died in the Congo in what researchers now say was the first proven AIDS death

  7. 1978 Gay men in the US and Sweden -- and heterosexuals in Tanzania and Haiti -- begin showing signs of what will later be called AIDS

  8. 1980 Deaths in US -- 31 (includes all known cases 1981 and before)

  9. 1981 • CDC (USA) notices an alarming rate of a rare cancer (Kaposi's Sarcoma) in otherwise healthy gay men. They first call the disease “gay cancer” but soon rename it GRID (“gay-related immune deficiency”).

  10. 1981 The New York Times publishes its first article on AIDS, “Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexual” • 422 cases diagnosed in the U.S.; 159 are dead.

  11. 1982 The etiology of the underlying immune deficiencies seen in AIDS cases is unknown.

  12. 1982 • The term AIDS ("acquired immune deficiency syndrome") is used for the first time • US president Ronald Reagan has not mentioned the word "AIDS" in public yet • 1,614 cases of AIDS diagnosed in the U.S.; 619 are dead

  13. 1983 • CDC (USA) warns blood banks of a possible problem with the blood supply • Institute Pasteur (France) finds the virus (HIV) • US president Ronald Reagan has not mentioned the word "AIDS" in public yet • 4,749 cases of AIDS in the U.S.; 2,122 are dead

  14. 1984 • Dr. Robert Gallo (US) claims he discovered the virus that causes AIDS; however, this is about a year after the French discovery • US President Ronald Reagan has not mentioned the word "AIDS" in public yet • 11,055 cases of AIDS diagnosed in the U.S.; 5,620 are dead

  15. 1985 • The FDA (US) approves the first HIV antibody test. Blood products begin to be tested in the US and Japan • The first International Conference on AIDS is held in Atlanta (US) • US President Ronald Reagan has not mentioned the word "AIDS" in public yet

  16. 1985 • AmFAR is founded in Los Angeles • The first AIDS-related play -- The Normal Heart, by Larry Kramer -- opens in New York • 22,996 cases of AIDS diagnosed in the U.S.; 12,592 are dead, including -- • Rock Hudson, film star

  17. Rock Hudson

  18. 1986 • Switzerland begins testing of blood products. • US President Ronald Reagan has not mentioned the word "AIDS" in public yet. • 42,255 AIDS cases diagnosed in the U.S.; 24,669 people are dead.

  19. 1987 • AZT (zidovudine, Retrovir®) -- Glaxo Wellcome -- becomes the first anti-HIV drug approved by the FDA. • The US shuts its doors to HIV-infected immigrants and travelers.

  20. 1987 • After a six year silence, US President Ronald Reagan uses the word "AIDS" in public for the first time. And, Vice President George Bush is heckled when he calls for mandatory HIV testing.

  21. 1987 • A family -- including three HIV-positive sons (hemophiliacs) -- are driven from their home (Arcadia, Florida, US) after their home was torched by an arsonist.

  22. 1987 • 71,176 AIDS cases diagnosed in the U.S.; 41,027 people are dead.

  23. 1988 • 106,994 AIDS cases diagnosed in the U.S.; 62,101 people are dead.

  24. 1989 • Licensed the first diagnostic kit to detect the presence of HIV-1 by directly detecting the proteins, or antigens, of the virus. • 149,902 AIDS cases diagnosed in the U.S.; 89,817 are dead.

  25. 1990 • Ronald Reagan apologizes for his neglect of the epidemic while he was president (US). • 198,466 AIDS cases diagnosed in the U.S.; 121,255 are dead.

  26. 1991 • 10 million have HIV worldwide (WHO). More than a million are in the US (CDC). • Professional basketball player Magic Johnson tells the world he has HIV. • 257,750 AIDS cases diagnosed in the U.S.; 157,637 are dead.

  27. 1993 • CDC (US) revises its definition of AIDS, including new opportunistic infections.

  28. The Official U.S. Government Definition Of "AIDS" • AIDS -- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome -- is a U.S. government classification of HIV Disease. The government does two things with a person's AIDS classification --. • It affects how the government handles epidemic statistics. • It defines who is able to get U.S. government assistance.

  29. The Official U.S. Government Definition Of "AIDS" • Everybody who has AIDS also has HIV Disease. • But not everybody with HIV Disease is classified by the U.S. government as having AIDS. • This U.S. Government classification of AIDS has two parts -- • T-cell count. • History of an AIDS-defining disease.

  30. 1993 • Four French blood bank officials sent to prison for allowing HIV-tainted blood into French blood banks. • Researchers in Europe show taking AZT (monotherapy) early in the disease has no benefits (Concorde study).

  31. French officials sent to prison • The Journal of the American Medical Association reports that between 1983 and 1985, French government health officials knowingly gave AIDS-contaminated blood transfusions to patients because national blood bank officials determined it would be too expensive to replace the tainted blood.

  32. French officials sent to prison • Although the contaminated blood could have been heated to inactivate the virus, the process was not used because heated plasma would have to be imported from America.

  33. French officials sent to prison • In addition, the cabinet of President Francois Mitterand decided to keep an American HIV test for blood supplies off the market until a French version could be developed by Pasteur Diagnostics, of which the government owns 50 percent.

  34. French officials sent to prison • During this period of inactivity, between 4,200 and 6,200 blood recipients contracted AIDS. • Adding to their reprehensible behavior, the establishment attempted to smear the reputation of Ann-Marie Casteret, the journalist who broke the story, before an investigation confirmed her findings.

  35. 1993 • 411,887 AIDS cases diagnosed in the U.S.; 241,787 are dead, including --. • Arthur Ashe, tennis legend. • Rudolf Nureyev, ballet dancer.

  36. 1995 • Germany convicts four of selling HIV-tainted blood. • US admits it was the Institut Pasteur (France), not Robert Gallo (NIH, US) who discovered the virus that causes AIDS. • Olympic diver Greg Louganis reveals that he has AIDS. • 534,806 AIDS cases diagnosed in the U.S.; 332,249 people are dead.

  37. 1997 • Approximate total worldwide death count -- 6,400,000. • Approximate number of HIV-positive people worldwide -- 22,000,000. To put this number in perspective, it is larger than the continent of Australia.

  38. 1998 • 665,357 AIDS cases diagnosed in the U.S.; 401,028 people are dead.

  39. 1999

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