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A Brief Tour of Music History

A Brief Tour of Music History. A Lecture Demonstration Concert. Overture. A opening movement of an opera or other musical production. Presents themes heard later. Usually before the curtain rises. Barber of Seville Overture. Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868) Opera first produced in 1816

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A Brief Tour of Music History

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  1. A Brief TourofMusic History A Lecture Demonstration Concert

  2. Overture • A opening movement of an opera or other musical production. • Presents themes heard later. • Usually before the curtain rises.

  3. Barber of Seville Overture • Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868) • Opera first produced in 1816 • Supposedly written in less than 2 weeks

  4. Rabbit of Seville • Used as the basis of a 1950 Bugs Bunny cartoon • Music by Charles Stalling

  5. Music of Antiquity • Greeks invented the scales • Named after different Greek City States (Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Aeolian) • Mathematical relationships between the notes discovered by Pythagoras

  6. Medieval Period (400 - 1430) • “Western” music from Catholic Church • Monks copied books and music • Gregorian Chant named after Pope Gregory • Vocal Melody (the tune) only • Eventually Harmony (added notes) moving in parallel motion • Sacred music for worship

  7. Vox dilecti mei • Example of Chant • Translates to “Voice of My Beloved” • No known author • Mass for St. Rita

  8. Agnus Dei • Guillaume de Machault (1300-1377) • Harmony sounds different to our ears • 2 parts with some additional notes

  9. Renaissance Period (1430 – 1600) • Rebirth – works of antiquity were rediscovered • Secular as well as Sacred music • Modes (scales) and tonality • Instruments – organ, viol, recorder, lute, harp, oboe and crumhorn • Famous Composers – Byrd, Des Prez, Dufay, Gibbons, Tallis

  10. Adoremus Te • Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-94) • Took last name from his birthplace • Created system of “voice leading” • Harmony sounds more “correct” • 4 part harmony

  11. Baroque Period (1600-1750) • Highly ornamented • Counterpoint – melodies moving contrary to each other • Basso continuo – bass part is continuous • Famous Composers – J.S. Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, Scarlatti, Monteverdi

  12. Cantata No. 140 • J.S. Bach (1685-1750) • Most famous Baroque composer • Period ends with his death • Chorale part of a larger Sunday worship service • Relatively unknown while alive

  13. Hallelujah Chorus • G. F. Handel(1685-1759) • Originally from Germany • Moved to London • Part of oratorio “The Messiah” • Famous while alive

  14. Classical Period (1725-1820) • Expanded length • Greater development • Advent of the Symphony • Sonata-Allegro form • Flourished in Vienna • Famous composers - Beethoven, Mozart and Haydn

  15. Symphony No. 94 “Surprise” • F.J. Haydn (1732-1809) • Wrote 104 Symphonies • Court Composer at Esterhazy • “Surprise” named for the sudden dynamic contrast

  16. Twinkle Variations • Wolfgang A. Mozart(1756-1791) • Child prodigy • Composed at age 3 • Leopold (father) was respected composer • Quintessential Classical Composer

  17. Symphony No.5, Mvt. 1 • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) • 4 note theme • Exposition – Theme initially heard, introduction • Transitional composer between Classical and Romantic periods

  18. Romantic Period (1810-1900) • Larger orchestras • Extended harmonic structures • Great dynamic variation • Program music • Piano prominent instrument • Famous composers – Berlioz, Brahms, Liszt, Chopin, Schumann, Schubert, Wagner

  19. Elve’s Dance (March) • Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) • From the The Nutcracker • Large influence on Ballet • Works include: Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, Romeo and Juliet, 1812 Overture

  20. Ride of the Valkyries • Richard Wagner(1813-1883) • Rise of Nationalism • Germanic Opera • Huge works & orchestras • Works include: Tannhauser, Loengrin, Rienzi, Flying Dutchman

  21. What’s Opera, Doc! • 1957 Bugs Bunny Cartoon • Used music of Wagner • “Kill the wabbit!”

  22. Modern Period (1900-Present) • Multiculturalism • Rules made to be broken and often are • Rise of Jazz and America’s role • Diversity of styles • Electronics

  23. Bolero • Maurice Ravel(1875-1937) • Orchestrations • More harmonic structure than Debussy • Jazz and dance influences in his works

  24. Firebird Suite • Igor Stravinsky(1892-1971) • Russian Born • Lived in USA from 1939 • Music for the Ballet based on the Legend of the Firebird • Odd meters(6/4 & 7/4 time)

  25. Summertime • George Gershwin(1898-1937) • From the opera “Porgy and Bess” • First “Fusion” composer • Jazz & Classical styles • Other works: Rhapsody in Blue, Cuban Overture, An American in Paris

  26. It Don’t Mean a Thing,If It Ain’t Got That Swing • Duke Ellington(1899-1974) • Wrote parts for specific players • Preeminent American Jazz Composer • Broke racial barriers • Other Works: Take the “A” Train, In a Mellotone, Caravan, Sophisticated Lady, Dimuendo and Crescendo in Blue

  27. Appalachian Spring • Aaron Copeland(1900-1990) • Shaker tune “Simple Gifts” • American folk song themes • Other works: Red Pony, Fanfare for the Common Man, Hoe-Down

  28. Variations on a Korean Folk Song • John Barnes Chance(1932-1972) • Continued tradition of using folk tunes for compositional foundation • Composition Prof. at UK • Died in electrical accident • Arirang - potential national anthem of a unified Korea

  29. My Old Kentucky Home • Stephen Foster(1826-1864) • Kentucky State Song • Composer of American folk music including: Camptown Races, Jeannie with the Light Brown Hair, Old Folks at Home, O Susanah!

  30. Thank you for being a great audience!

  31. www.BryanStationBand.org

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