Bob Darby ADS Programme

1. International Data Link Symposium 20031st October 2003, Newbury, UKFEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CIVIL AVIATION DATA LINK FOR ADS-B BASED ON MIDS / LINK16 Bob Darby ADS Programme

2. OUTLINE Background Scope of Study Results Next steps

3. BACKGROUND

4. Problem • Civil - Military Interoperability in a future surveillance environment, increasingly dependent on ADS-B • Difficulty & cost of fitting military aircraft with ADS-B equipment using currently defined ADS-B data links (1090ES, VDL Mode 4, UAT)

5. History • Civil - Military Interoperability is a prime concern of the EUROCONTROL Military Business Division (MIL BD) as well as of the ADS Programme. • Many military aircraft already carry MIDS/Link16 equipment with capabilities similar to ADS-B • Consider the possibility of adapting or developing MIDS/Link16 for civil aviation. • Ideas were developed and discussed between MIL BD, Industry and the ADS Programme. • Study contract call for tender issued. • Study was won by the Spanish company ISDEFE. • Final Report was completed in August 2003.

6. SCOPE OF WORK

7. Scope of Study • To carry out a short Feasibility Study • to examine the possibilities that may exist for adapting or developing the existing military MIDS/Link 16 for use by civil aviation. • Such a system may support ADS-B, perhaps as part of a longer term (multi-link) capability to ensure civil-military interoperability. (Note that 1090 ES is the initial recommended ADS-B data link.) • MIDS/Link 16 should be considered for its possible advantages over and above the three existing ADS-B data links. • Any such link should also be capable of fulfilling all requirements for ADS-B Package 1 and beyond.

8. Main Issues • Technical Feasibility (Deliverable Report) • Economic Feasibility (Deliverable Report) • Development/ Testing/ Certification planning and time-scale aspects (Deliverable Report) • for installation on military & civil aircraft, including business aircraft and GA • consideration of special problems - e.g. power requirements, antenna installation • Institutional and security issues for release of design information (to allow a competitive market) • Overall assessment (Deliverable Report)

9. D2: Baseline Information & Assumptions(Deliverable Report) • Operational requirements from “ADS-B Package 1” • 12 Ground Surveillance & Airborne Surveillance Applications • Consider Avionics & Ground Stations, including TIS-B • ADS-B system parameters, including capacity, to be as for TLAT (ADS-B Technical Link Assessment Team) • EUROCONTROL ADS-B Requirements & RTCA ADS-B MASPS. • Range & capacity requirement (to support ADS-B applications) are 150 NM and 1000 aircraft. (Core Europe scenario 2015) • MIDS/Link16 technology basis for surveillance only • Indicative planning to be compared with ADS-B Master Plan / Working Arrangements

10. RESULTS

11. D3: Technical Feasibility Report (Deliverable Report) • New set of messages required for ADS-B. • Software change only required for Military interoperability • Driving application for capacity is “Enhanced Visual Acquisition”, which offers potential safety benefits • Handling of the maximum traffic at required update rate with MIDS/L16 needs further investigation • Several options developed: varying by • number of frequencies used (1, 2, 7, 51) • fixed frequencies or frequency hopping • number of nets used • reporting rate (linked to use of contention mode & Rx update rate) • Best options are hopping, 7 or 51 frequencies, contention mode ... • … which brings further advantages on interference and security • Options with minimal impact on military operations are possible

12. D4: Economic Feasibility Report(Deliverable Report) • Economic scenarios developed • Air Transport, Business and GA fleets, extrapolated to 2020 • System Specification • On the basis of the Technical Feasibility Report, a System Specification was made - for manufacturer COTS estimates. • ViaSat has cooperated with the Study • non binding equipment proposal • indicative cost quotation • development & production time-scale (used for D5) • Comparison with 1090ES, VDL4, UAT costs • Competitive with Air Transport category costs • Probably not competitive with GA costs

13. D5: Development, Testing and Certification Planning Report(Deliverable Report) • Preliminary activities - leading to decisions }Considerable parallelism • Development planning • Testing planning • Certification planning • Production & delivery rates - from Viasat • Feasible to be ready for implementation before 2009 • supported by independent European manufacturer review

14. D6: Final Report(Deliverable Report) • Brings together the four previous reports • Examines Institutional issues • Identifies open issues & substantial areas of further work • Overall conclusion (from a paper study) is encouraging, but there are significant Institutional issues to be solved before the new system would be able to be used as a data link to support ADS-B for civil aviation

15. NEXT STEPS

16. Next Steps • Dissemination • Final Report & associated material issued on a CD-ROM • Presentations & Discussions • 1-10-03: IDLS • 3-10-03: NATO Air Traffic Management Committee (NATMC) CNS Group • 15-10-03: EUROCONTROL Civil-Military Interface Standing Committee (CMIC) • 15-10-03: EUROCONTROL Communications Team • 22/23-10-03: EUROCONTROL ADS Programme Steering Group • 18/19-11-03: EUROCONTROL Surveillance Team • date TBD: one day workshop • Recommendations • EUROCONTROL Management: CSM Unit, EMBD … • NATO ...

17. Conclusions • Paper Study only; open issues include experimental work and system modelling, as well as institutional discussions • Report material available today • Indications: worth taking further • Preparation for discussions and decisions is in hand • One-day workshop planned • Contact • Bob Darby (bob.darby@eurocontrol.int) • Costas Tamvaclis (constantine.tamvaclis@eurocontrol.int) • or visit the ADS Programme website, to download the Final Report from the “ADS Latest News” section: • http://www.eurocontrol.int/ads/ADS_Programme_content.htm

18. Questions?