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Hraba

Hraba. Hraba and Grant (1970) Black dolls and White dolls . Black IS beautiful A re-examination of racial preference and identification. Some background…. This study replicates a classic study by Clark & Clark (1939) where children were asked to choose between black and white dolls .

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Hraba

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  1. Hraba

  2. Hraba and Grant (1970) Black dolls and White dolls • Black IS beautiful • A re-examination of racial preference and identification

  3. Some background…. • This study replicates a classic study by Clark & Clark (1939) where children were asked to choose between black and white dolls

  4. Some background…. • Clark & Clark found that Black children • preferred White dolls and rejected Black dolls when asked to choose which were NICE, which looked BAD, which they would LIKE to play with and which were a nice colour

  5. Some background…. • The Clark & Clark findings suggested that Black children had negative attitudes towards themselves and their cultural background • The Clark & Clark study was replicated over a 20 year period with similar results

  6. Hraba and Grant - Black is beautiful • THE TOPIC • Racial identification, self awareness and preference in Black-American children

  7. Hraba and Grant - Black is beautiful • THE QUESTION • Do Black-American children demonstrate ‘Black’ racial preference and racial self identification?

  8. Hraba and Grant - Black is beautiful • KEY TERMS • civil rights • ethnocentrism • identity • race & racism • role model • segregation

  9. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • What Hraba & Grant did • They replicated the Clark & Clark study & procedures as much as possible

  10. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The participants • 160 children aged between 4 and 8 • All attended primary schools in Lincoln Nebraska, USA • 89 were Black and 71 were White

  11. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The ethnicity of the population of the town of Lincoln • 1.4% of population were Black • In the 5 schools used in the study • 3%, 3%, 3%, 7%, 18% were Black • 70% of Black child Ps had White friends

  12. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The procedure • Children interviewed individually using a set of four dolls • Two Black dolls and two White dolls • They were identical except for colour

  13. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • Each child was asked these 8 questions • Give me the doll that you want to play with • Give me the doll that is a nice doll • Give me the doll that looks bad • Give me the doll that is a nice colour • Give me the doll that looks like a White child • Give me the doll that looks like a coloured child • Give me the doll that looks like a Negro child • Give me the doll that looks like you

  14. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • These four questions were to measure RACIAL PREFERENCE • Give me the doll that you want to play with • Give me the doll that is a nice doll • Give me the doll that looks bad • Give me the doll that is a nice colour

  15. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • These three questions were to measure racial awareness or knowledge • Give me the doll that looks like a White child • Give me the doll that looks like a coloured child • Give me the doll that looks like a Negro child

  16. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • This question measured • RACIAL self-identification • Give me the doll that looks like you

  17. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The results • Give me the doll that you want to play with • 83% white Ps chose White doll • 70% Black Ps chose Black doll

  18. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The results • Give me the doll that is a NICE doll • 70% White Ps chose White doll • 54% Black Ps chose Black doll

  19. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The results • Give me the doll that looks bad • 34% White Ps chose White doll • 36% Black Ps chose Black doll

  20. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The results • Give me the doll that is a nice colour • 48% White Ps chose White doll • 69% Black Ps chose Black doll

  21. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The results • Both Black and White children preferred dolls of their own race • White Ps were more ethnocentric on questions 1 and 2, but there was no difference on question 3

  22. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The results • Clark & Clark found that Black children at all ages preferred White dolls • Hraba and Grant found that Black children at all ages preferred Black dolls and this preference increased with age

  23. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • Categorisation of Ps • C & C and H & G • light (practically white) • medium (light brown to dark brown) • dark (dark brown to black)

  24. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • Clark & Clark found that the light children showed greatest preference for White dolls, and the dark children the least preference • Hraba and Grant found no such trend

  25. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • For questions 5 to 8 • Children made FEW errors of racial identification • Race of the interviewer had no effect on choices of either W or B children

  26. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • There was no relationship between choice of doll and the race of the respondent’s friends • 23 black children answered questions 1 to 4 preferring the black doll; 20 of these had white friends • 20 white children answered preferring the white doll; 12 had black friends

  27. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • Conclusion • Great change between 1939 and 1969 • Black people more proud of their race in 1969 than in 1939

  28. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • Conclusion • Great change between 1939 and 1969 • The growth of organisations in the Black community may have enhanced Black pride

  29. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • Conclusion • Great change between 1939 and 1969 • Inter racial contact might create Black pride

  30. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • But Clark & Clark did not perform their study in Lincoln Nebraska • Perhaps Black children in Lincoln, unlike other cities, may have chosen Black dolls in 1939?

  31. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • Discussion point • Can children’s preferences for dolls tell us anything about their racial identity?

  32. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • Discussion point • Given the ages of the children - what factor might have affected their answers • [Think about Samuel & Bryant]

  33. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The H & G replication shows us that social psychological findings are inevitably the product of a particular point in history • and how important it is to review the findings of classic studies

  34. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • The findings suggest that there had been a change in the consciousness of black children over the 20 year period

  35. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • THE TOPIC • Racial identification, self awareness and preference in Black-American children • THE QUESTION • Do Black-American children demonstrate ‘Black’ racial preference and racial self identification

  36. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • Social history of USA in 1960s • The Civil Rights movement • Martin Luther King • Militant Black leadership • Desegregation of schools and colleges

  37. Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful • Methodology? • Ethical Issues? • Ethnocentrism? • Links with other studies?

  38. Hraba and Grant - Black IS Beautiful the end

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