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Pilot-Scale Evaluation of MF-Ozone-BAC Process Train for Removal of Emerging Contaminants

Pilot-Scale Evaluation of MF-Ozone-BAC Process Train for Removal of Emerging Contaminants Vijay Sundaram Robert W. Emerick, Ph.D., P.E. John P. Enloe, P.E. Stan Shumaker, P.E. Michael Drinkwater, P.E. Stephen Long City of Reno. Indirect Potable Reuse Aquifer storage and recovery

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Pilot-Scale Evaluation of MF-Ozone-BAC Process Train for Removal of Emerging Contaminants

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  1. Pilot-Scale Evaluation of MF-Ozone-BAC Process Train for Removal of Emerging Contaminants Vijay Sundaram Robert W. Emerick, Ph.D., P.E. John P. Enloe, P.E. Stan Shumaker, P.E. Michael Drinkwater, P.E. Stephen Long City of Reno

  2. Indirect Potable Reuse • Aquifer storage and recovery • Effluent Dominated Surface Water Discharge • Narrative toxicity Study Motivation

  3. Wastewater Treatment Options Implemented • MF-Ozone • Las Vegas, NV (Lake Discharge) • Ozone-BAC • El Paso, TX (Groundwater Recharge) • MF-RO • West Basin, CA (Groundwater Recharge) • NEWater Project, Singapore (Potable Water Augmentation) • Scottsdale, AZ (Groundwater Recharge) • MF-RO-UV-Peroxide • Orange County, CA (Groundwater Recharge)

  4. Process Train Comparisons

  5. RSWRF Pilot-Scale Project

  6. Membrane Pilot Unit WesTech Membrane Unit (0.01 mM)

  7. Ozone Pilot Unit Feed and Off-gas Ozone Analyzers • Liquid Oxygen Supply • In-line Injection Applied Process Tech. HiPOx Ozone Unit

  8. BAC Unit • ±11 gpm • 30 min Empty Bed Contact Time • Calgon Filtrasorb 400 Medium WesTech BAC Unit

  9. Results and Discussion Ozone Dosage Optimization / Peroxide Testing EDC and PPCP Removal Bromate Formation GAC to BAC Conversion Biomass Population Fingerprint

  10. Constituents below Detection Limits • Acetaminophen (< 10 ng/L) • Androstendione (< 10 ng/L) • Caffeine (< 50 ng/L) • Diethylstilbestrol ( < 2 ng/L) • Estradiol (< 2 ng/L) • Estriol (< 1 ng/L) • Ethinyl Estradiol (< 2 ng/L) • Ibuprofen (< 10 ng/L) • Iopromide (< 100 ng/L) • Pentoxifyline (< 1 ng/L) • Progesterone (< 10 ng/L) • Testosterone (< 10 ng/L) • alpha-Estradiol ( < 1 ng/L)

  11. Constituents Removed at Ozone Dose of 3 mg/L or more • Oxybenzone • Estrone • Carbamazepine • Diclofenac • Gemfibrozil • Hydrocodone • Methadone • Naproxen • Trimethoprim • 4-Nonylphenol monoethoxylates • 4-Nonylphenol diethoxylates • Octylphenol

  12. Constituents with Inconsistent Results • 4-Methylphenol • Phenol • TDCPP • Triphenylphosphate • TCEP • Bisphenol A • Salicylic Acid • Atrazine • Diazepam

  13. Removal of EDCs and PPCPs

  14. Byproduct Formation

  15. Bromate Mitigation: Experimental Design Ozone Influent: Alkalinity = 92 mg/L pH = 6.9

  16. Effect of Peroxide on Bromate Formation

  17. Key Points Learned Ozone Dose >= 5 is recommended for EDC and PPCP removal, but may produce excess bromate Bromate control possible with peroxide addition, particularly peroxide first with multiple O3 injection points Ammonia also plays a major role in preventing bromate formation

  18. Steady-State Process Monitoring

  19. GAC to BAC Conversion

  20. GAC to BAC Conversion

  21. GAC to BAC Conversion

  22. GAC to BAC Conversion

  23. Next Steps:Pilot-Scale Project Monitoring • Sampling and quantification of contaminants after each treatment process • 300+ contaminants of concern • Biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC) • Estrogenic activity (E-Screen) • 30+ samples • ±12 gallons/sample • $300,000 (approx. lab cost)

  24. Robert Emerick, Ph.D., P.E. 916-773-8100 emerick@ecologic-eng.com Vijay Sundaram 916-773-8100 sundaram@ecologic-eng.com Acknowledgements • City of Reno • Southern Nevada Water Authority • Shane Snyder, Ph.D. (Technical Advisor) • University of Nevada, Reno • Edward Kolodziej, Ph.D. (Technical Advisor) • WesTech • Applied Process Technology • Microbial Insights Contacts:

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