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Peace and a New War

Peace and a New War. The Cold War. Ideological conflict between the US and USSR Disagreement on beliefs Which economy was better? Communism vs. Capitalism Who was more powerful? Which government was better? Dictator vs. Democracy. US upset over Nonaggression Pact Also no help w/Japan

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Peace and a New War

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  1. Peace and a New War

  2. The Cold War • Ideological conflict between the US and USSR • Disagreement on beliefs • Which economy was better? • Communism vs. Capitalism • Who was more powerful? • Which government was better? • Dictator vs. Democracy

  3. US upset over Nonaggression Pact • Also no help w/Japan • USSR wanted US aid sooner in war

  4. The Tehran Conference • The Big Three • Churchill, FDR, Stalin • Nov 1943 • Plan to end war • American-British invasion of France • USSR would liberate eastern Europe • Agreement over partition of Germany

  5. Yalta Conference • February 1945 – Big Three meet in Southern Russia • Western powers feared Soviet control of Eastern Europe • 11 million soldiers

  6. Stalin suspicious of the Western powers • Wanted a buffer to protect USSR from invasion • FDR wanted self-determination • Liberated Europe have free elections

  7. Agree to divide Germany into zones • Germany has to pay USSR reparations • Eastern European countries would have free elections

  8. United Nations • New peacekeeping organization • USA and USSR join (48 others) • New York City • Security Council • Power to investigate and settle • 5 permanent members • GB, China, Fr., US, USSR • Veto power

  9. Differing Goals • Encourage democracy • Gain access to raw materials and markets • Rebuild gov’ts to promote stability • Reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase security • Encourage communism as part of worldwide workers’ revolution • Rebuild economy using industrial equipment and raw materials from E. Europe • Control E. Europe to protect borders • Keep Germany divided to prevent war US USSR

  10. Potsdam Conference • July 1945 • Harry Truman replaces FDR • Demanded free elections in Eastern Europe • Stalin felt threatened • Free elections would threaten goal of controlling Eastern Europe

  11. Allies do agree to Nuremberg Trials • Leaders of Nazi Party • Committed war crimes against humanity during war

  12. Iron Curtain • USSR wants buffer from invasion • Installs communist gov’t • Albania • Bulgaria • Hungary • Czechoslovakia • Romania • Poland • Yugoslavia • Truman protests  Stalin ignores

  13. Europe divided • Eastern and Western Europe split • Germany divided into East Germany and West Germany • Berlin (in E.G. is split) • “Iron Curtain” • Churchill • Democratic West • Communist East

  14. Truman Foreign Policy • Containment • Blocking Soviet influence • Stopping expansion of Communism • Forming alliances • Aiding weaker countries resist

  15. Truman Doctrine • $500 million to Greece and Turkey • Marshall Plan • Assistance program to rebuild Western Europe

  16. Berlin Airlift • USSR held W. Berlin hostage • Hoped Allies would surrender • 11 months Allies flew in supplies • May 1949 Soviets admit defeat • Lift blockade

  17. World Wide Effects • NATO • Western Alliances • Attack one was attack on all

  18. Warsaw Pact • Eastern Alliance • Berlin Wall (1961)

  19. Threat of Nuclear War • 1949 – USSR explodes atomic bomb • Sets off race to create deadlier weapon • 1953 – Hydrogen Bomb created

  20. Brinkmanship • John Foster Dulles • US Secretary of State under Eisenhower • Willingness to go to the brink of war • US strengthened air force and stockpiled nuclear weapons • USSR responded in same way • Begins arms race

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