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Week 3 – Part 2

Phonology. The following PowerPoint is to be used as a guideline for the important vocabulary and terminology to know as you do your readings, answering questions, and forming your thoughts and comments for your discussion with fellow classmates. Week 3 – Part 2. Pronunciation of Morphemes.

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Week 3 – Part 2

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  1. Phonology • The following PowerPoint is to be used as a guideline for the important vocabulary and terminology to know as you do your readings, answering questions, and forming your thoughts and comments for your discussion with fellow classmates. Week 3 – Part 2

  2. Pronunciation of Morphemes • The Pronunciation of Plurals • Allomorphs • An alternative phonetic form of a morpheme (plural morphemes: cats, dogs, kisses) • Homorganic nasal rule • place of articulation of the nasal is the same as for the following consonant.

  3. Distinctive Features of Phonemes Distinctive Phonetic Features—Voiced, Nasal, Labial, and Continuant Nondistinctive Phonetic Features—Aspiration, which is predictable from phonetic context Minimal Pair—when two distinct words are distinguished by a single phone occurring in the same position.

  4. Feature Values

  5. Natural Classes of Speech Sound 1. Nasalize vowels before p, I, or z as to have a rule such as 2. Nasalize vowels before m, n, or ŋ

  6. Feature Specification of Major Natural Classes of Sounds (pg. 283)

  7. Features of Some American English Vowels

  8. Sound Segments and Phonological Features • See handout of Sound Segments and Features

  9. Rules of Phonology • Assimilation Rules • Dissimilation rules—the means by which a segment becomes less similar to another segment. • Feature Changing Rules • Segment Insertion and Deletion Rules • Epenthesis—the process of inserting a consonant or vowel. • Movement (Metathesis) Rules • Metathesis rules—rules that reorder sequences of phonemes. • From One to Many and from Many to One • The Function of Phonological Rules • Derivation—applying a rule that applies to one phoneme to another phoneme. • Slips of the Tong: Evidence for the Phonological Rules

  10. Prosodic Phonology • Prosodic or Suprasegmental Features—pitch, stress, and segment length. • Syllable Structure • Word Stress • Sentence and Phrase Stress • Tone Languages—languages in which syllables or words are contrasted by pitch. • Intonation • Intonation languages—use pitch variations to distinguish meanings of phrases and sentences

  11. Prosodic Phonology Prosodic or Suprasegmental Features—pitch, stress, and segment length. Tone Languages—languages in which syllables or words are contrasted by pitch. .

  12. Additional terms to know Morphophonemic rules—apply to specific morphemes. Phonotactics—sequential constraints that determine which sounds may be adjacent within the syllable. Accidental gaps—possible but nonoccurring words otherwise known as nonsense words. Optimality Theory—hypothesizes a set of ranked constraints that govern the phonological rules.

  13. SOURCES Fromkin, Victoria, et al. An Introduction to Language. 9th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2011. Davenport, Mike & Hannahs, S.J. Introducing Phonetics and Phonology. 3rd ed. London UK. Hodder Education.

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