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Conquering the Comma

Learn to identify and create simple, compound, and complex sentences. Understand the role of commas and sentence structure with examples. Correct common errors such as comma splices. Workshop presented by Purdue University Writing Lab.

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Conquering the Comma

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  1. Conquering the Comma A workshop brought to you by the Purdue University Writing Lab Purdue University Writing Lab

  2. There are three sentence types: • Simple, compound, and complex sentences Goal: Identify and create simple, compound and complex sentences Purdue University Writing Lab

  3. I went for a walk. - Simple sentence I went for a walk, so I could leash train my new puppy. -Compound sentence Since it was a beautiful day, I went for a walk.- Complex sentence #1 I went for a walk before the wind started to pick up.- Complex sentence #2 Examples of each sentence type Purdue University Writing Lab

  4. What Is a Comma? • A comma is a ___________that indicates a ______ is needed in a sentence. • ________ _______to clarify __________ for the reader. , Purdue University Writing Lab

  5. Clauses and Phrases • A _______ is a group of words that contains both a ________ and a _______ that ______ each other. • A _______ is a group of words that ______ _____ contain a subject or a verb that complement each other. Purdue University Writing Lab

  6. Sentence Structure:Independent Clause • A complete sentence has ____ components, a _______ and a _______ • The subject and verb must form a ______thought to be considered an _________ ____________. The coupledances. The coupledances. subject (S) verb (V) Purdue University Writing Lab

  7. Conjunctions • F____ • A____ • N____ • B_____ • O_____ • Y_____ • S_____ • COMPOUND SENTENCES • A sentence that contains ______independent clauses joined by ________ _______ is called a compound sentence. • A ____________ joins words, phrases, and clauses together in a sentence. FAN BOYS Purdue University Writing Lab

  8. Sentence Structure:Compound Sentence Example • The comma in a compound sentence is placed before the coordinating conjunction. Andy built a snowman, and Jeff played with his dog. SVconj. Andybuilt a snowman,and Jeffplayed with his dog. SV Purdue University Writing Lab

  9. Sentence Structure:Compound Sentence Example Where would you place the comma in the following sentence? Dan struggled with his homework so his father helped him. Dan struggled with his homework,so his fatherhelped him. SVconj.SV Purdue University Writing Lab

  10. Some dependent clause markers: A dependent clause contains a subject and verb, but the _______ __________stand independently. • Dependent clauses can often be identified by the use of dependent clause markers. though although unless after before once whether because since when while until if as Purdue University Writing Lab

  11. Dependent phrases and________ help to clarify and add detail to an independent clause. • Dependent clauses may appear at the ________, _______, or ______ of a sentence. Sentence Structure:Dependent Phrases and Clauses Purdue University Writing Lab

  12. Complex Sentences; Type One Introductory clausedependent clause located at the beginning of a sentence • When a ___________ clause is placed at the _______ of a sentence, place a comma _______ the independent clause and the dependent clause. When Elizabeth called 911, the firemen rushed to her rescue. WhenElizabethcalled 911, the firemenrushed to her rescue. DCM SVSV Purdue University Writing Lab

  13. Where would you place the comma in the following examples? Sinceitwas raining,wedecided to go to the movies.DCMSVSV Since it was raining we decided to go to the movies. Once the moviebegan,Ifell asleep. DCMSVSV Once the movie began I fell asleep. Introductory Clause Examples After the movieended,wewent out for coffee. DCMS VSV After the movie ended we went out for coffee. Purdue University Writing Lab

  14. When a dependent clause is located _________an independent clause, _____ ________ place a comma between the two. Iwent on the roller coaster because my brotherdared me. SVDCMS V Dependent Clauses found at the end of the sentence Ibecame very sick when the SVDCM roller coasterzoomed upside down. SV Purdue University Writing Lab

  15. A common Comma Error The comma splice A comma splice is an error in which two independent clauses are joined by a comma. The Internethas revolutionized the business world, SV online saleshave increased dramatically this year. SV We had a nice time hope we can meet again. Purdue University Writing Lab

  16. Insert a conjunction between the two independent clauses. • Start a new sentence. • Insert a semi-colon between the two independent clauses (only in cases where the independent clauses are closely related in topic). • We had a nice time, and I hope we can meet again soon. • We had a nice time. I hope we can meet again soon. • The Internet has revolutionized the business world; online sales have increased dramatically this year. To Correct a Comma Splice Purdue University Writing Lab

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