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PBL is Expensive_ myth or reality?. Carol Cooper. Background. Literature – Moust et al 2005, Kaohsiung 2009 Pre registration post graduate mental health nurse programme Whole PBL approach Barriers to implementation.
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PBL is Expensive_myth or reality? Carol Cooper
Background • Literature – Moust et al 2005, Kaohsiung 2009 • Pre registration post graduate mental health nurse programme • Whole PBL approach • Barriers to implementation
Savin-Baden outlines 8 modes of implementation – ours was closest to the one she describes as an integrated approach. The underpinning principle is that PBL is a curriculum philospohy. Problems are sequential but linked to one another and also cross discipline. Unit 1 = Rehab & recovery in pt Unit 2= Rehab & recovery in community Unit 3 =Acute Community Unit 4= Acute in patient. One of these will be an Elderly placement.
PBL • 5 triggers in each unit each with 3 sessions – intro to trigger, mid way and feedback, • Fixed resource Sessions and mandatory sessions. • 25 Students split into 2 groups except for fixed resource and mandatory
Cost Included • Facilitators & Lecturers teaching hours • Classroom time • Assessment time for academics • Admin staff in class time
Costs excluded • Library –(Miller 2001) • Mentor preparation • Admin Time (except for as mentioned)
Traditional vs PBL • Traditional had 8 modules • 8 essays increasing from 1500 words to 5000 for last module • PBL had 4 units • Patchwork Text, Case presentation + Essay, Taped intervention + Essay and Poster Presentation + Essay.
Assessment • Trad – Mod 1 1500, 3,000 in mod 2 & 3 4,000 in mods 4,5 & 6 5,000 in mods 7 & 8 • PBL – Patchwork text = 6000 words , Case pres + 3,500 words, Taped Intervention + 3,500 words, Poster pres + 3,000 words
Costs • Unit Cost = The programme • Trad=405.5 x Lecturer pay+ 5 x Admin pay + 381.5 classroom hire+ 370 Assessment hours = overall cost • PBL=544 x Lecturer pay+ 3 x Admin pay + 534 classroom hire+ 89 Assessment hours = overall cost
Pounds shillings and pence!! • Traditional programme cost = £9792.83 = £32.50 + £5087.50 + £ 8935.50 • Total £23,848.33 • PBL programme cost = £ 13,137.60 + £19.50 + £7342.50 + £2,149.35 • Total £22,648.95
However if the unit of cost is per student then • Trad £23,848.33/ 19 students = £1255.18 each • PBL £22,648.95/ 15 students = £1509.93 each
Conclusions • PBL has higher Academic contact time + higher classroom time • Fewer assessments and less time spent in marking and moderation • Blended approach may be more cost effective • Any Questions / Critical comments?
References • Kaohsiung, (2009 Problem-based Learning: a strategic learning system design for the education of healthcare professionals in the 21st century, Journal of Medical Science, 25, 231-239 • Miller, J.M. (2001) A framework for the multiple roles of librarians in problem-based learning Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 20, 23-30 • Moust, J.H.C. et al ( 2005) Signs of erosion: reflections on three decades of problem-based learning at Maastricht University. Higher Education, 50, 665-683 • Savin Baden, M (2004) Problem-based learning: Reason in madness? PBL; A quality experience, University of Salford.