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Chapter 2: Body Structure

Explore body structural units, anatomical position, body cavities, directional terms, and medical procedures. Learn anatomical regions, cavities, and diagnostic methods in this comprehensive study.

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Chapter 2: Body Structure

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  1. Chapter 2: Body Structure Dual Credit Medical Terminology

  2. Objectives: • List and describe the basic structural units of the body. • Describe the anatomical position of the body • Locate the body cavities and abdominopelvic regions of the body • Describe terms related to position, direction, and planes of the body and their applications during radiographic examinations. • Describe common signs, symptoms, and diseases that may affect several body systems • Describe common diagnostic, medical and surgical procedures related to several body systems • Recognize, define, pronounce and spell terms correctly • Demonstrate your knowledge of this chapter by successfully completing the frames and reviews

  3. Introduction (pg 26) • The human body consists of several structural and functional levels of organization. The levels of organization from least to the most complex are the: • Cellular level (smallest structural and functional unit) • Tissue level (groups of cell) • Organ level (groups of tissues that perform a specific fxn) • System level (organs that are interconnected or have similar or fxn) • Organism level (collection of body systems makes up most complex level –human being) See picture on page 27

  4. Basic Structural Units

  5. Directional Combining Forms

  6. Suffixes

  7. Directional Terms (pg 31-32) • Terms that describe a structure in relation to some defined center or reference point • Suffix Review: Many that mean pertaining to • -ac • -ac • -ar • -ary • -eal • -iac • -ic • What is the term called when a person is standing upright facing forward, arms at the sides with palms forward, with legs parallel and the feet slightly apart with the toes pointing forward? • Anatomical position

  8. Body Planes • Medial (midsagittal) • Frontal (coronal) • Horizontal (transverse)

  9. Body Regions

  10. Body Cavities • Dorsal • Cranial + Spinal • Ventral • Abdominopelvic: Abdominal + Pelvic • Diaphragm • Thoracic

  11. Body Cavities (pg 42) • What are in them? • Thoracic • Abdominopelvic • Abdominal • pelvic • Thoracic: heart and lungs • Abdominopelvic: divides out • Abdominal: organs of digestive tract • Pelvic: organs of reproductive system

  12. Abdominopelvic Quadrants (pg 46) • Abdominopelvic cavity is divided into smaller sections • RUQ: Right Upper Quadrant • LUQ: Left Upper Quadrant • RLQ: Right Lower Quadrant • LLQ: Left Lower Quadrant • Used for area of surgical procedures, incision sites, location of abnormal masses, location of patient symptoms

  13. Abdominopelvic Regions (pg46) • Nine regions near a specific point in the body; describe the location of internal organs and origin of pain. • Right Hypochondriac • Epigastric • Left Hypocondriac • Right Lumbar • Umbilical • Left Lumbar • Right Inguinal • Hypogastric • Left Inguinal

  14. Abbreviations (pg 52) • Body structure and abbreviations related to radiology

  15. Abbreviations: Radiology

  16. CT: computer processed x-rays to produce tomographic images • US: oscillating sound pressure waves to produce images of structure

  17. PET: Imaging test that uses a radioactive substance called a tracer to look for a disease in the body • MRI: uses magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues

  18. SPECT: use of gamma rays to provide a true 3-D image. Usually shows cross-section of the body. Inject the radio isotope into the body, which binds to certain pieces of the body

  19. Signs, Symptoms, and Diseases (pg 52)

  20. Diagnostic Procedures (pg53)

  21. Continued

  22. Medical and Surgical Procedures (pg 56)

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