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Security in Wireless Sensor Networks

Security in Wireless Sensor Networks. by Toni Farley. Security Concerns. Security Concerns Defined Integrity - Ensure that information is accurate, complete, and has not been altered in any way.

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Security in Wireless Sensor Networks

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  1. SecurityinWireless Sensor Networks by Toni Farley

  2. Security Concerns • Security Concerns Defined • Integrity - Ensure that information is accurate, complete, and has not been altered in any way. • Availability - Ensure that a system can accurately perform it’s intended purpose and is accessible to those who are authorized to use it. • Confidentiality - Ensure that information is only disclosed to those who are authorized to see it. Integrity Availability Confidentiality

  3. Security Concerns • Authentication – Ensure correctness of claimed identity. • Authorization – Ensure permissions granted for actions performed by entity. Authentication Authorization ICA3

  4. Points of Security Concern • System • System Integrity • Availability • Source • Authentication • Authorization • Data • Data Integrity • Confidentiality WSN Source Data

  5. Threats • Authentication • Man in the middle • Data Integrity • Modification • Forgery • Deletion • Replay • Confidentiality • Eavesdropping

  6. Wireless Security • Magnified Threats • Detectability – Ability to discover a wireless system • Theft of Service – Unauthorized use of wireless signal • Interception – Easy to capture signals transmitted through air • Limited Resources • Low b/w • Low memory capacity • Slow CPU • Battery Power Limits

  7. Current Solution: Encryption • Symmetric (private key) encryption • Fixed keys cannot be changed when compromised • Dynamic keys require high cost key exchange protocol • Faster algorithms – computational overhead • Asymmetric (public/private) key encryption • Data sent to many devices must be encrypted separately with each device’s public key • Longer keys provide better security • Longer keys require more resources, which becomes problematic if many keys are needed

  8. Current Solution: Encryption • Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) • Uses session key to encrypt data, thus only need to encrypt data one time for multiple recipients • Uses public keys to encrypt session key, requires multiple smaller encryptions • Overhead is reduced, but still exists

  9. Research: SPINS • Security Protocols for Sensor Networks [1] • Securing Node/Base Station communications • Secure Network Encryption Protocol (SNEP) • Secure channels for confidentiality • Data integrity through authentication • Data freshness through partial message ordering (weak) and total order with delay estimation (strong) • micro Timed, Efficient, Streaming, Loss-tolerant Authentication Protocol (μTESLA) • Authentication through asymmetric authenticated broadcast

  10. Research: Security for Sensor Networks • Security for Sensor Networks [2] • Securing Node/Base Station communications • Broadcasts of end-to-end encrypted packets • Authentication • Integrity • Confidentiality • Replay • Base station looks for corrupted packets or long period of inactivity • Mechanism for detecting “bad” behavior

  11. Research: Secure Routing in WSN • Security Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: Attacks and Countermeasures [3] • Describes routing attacks • Known attacks • Invented attacks • Protocol specific attacks • Describes countermeasures for each attack • Encryption with globally shared key • Unique key between each node & base station • Neighbor authentication between nodes • Authenticated broadcast techniques

  12. Security Sources • SANS Glossary of Terms Used in Security and Intrusion Detection, http://www.sans.org/resources/glossary.php#C, May 2003. • MobileBook • Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, Prentice Hall, 2003. • Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security, Kluwer, to be published in 2004.

  13. Research References • [1] SPINS: Security Protocols for Sensor Networks. A. Perrig, R. Szewczyk, V. Wen, D. Culler, and J. Tygar. In Seventh Annual ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks (Mobicom), 2001. • [2] Jeffery Undercoffer, Sasikanth Avancha, Anupam Joshi, and John Pinkston, Security for Sensor Networks 2002 CADIP Research Symposium • [3] Secure Routing in Sensor Networks: Attacks and Countermeasures, Chris Karlof and David Wagner, To appear in Elsevier's AdHoc Networks Journal, Special Issue on Sensor Network Applications and Protocols.

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