Tones 3 The structure of the IP

1. Tones 3 The structure of the IP 1. Nucleus and tail

2. Tones 4 The structure of the IP 1. Nucleus and tail 2. The Head The head consists of all the stressed syllables in front of the nucleus and their associated weak syllables

3. The head consists of all the stressedsyllables in front of the nucleus and their associated weak syllables THE FOOT We can use the term “foot” to refer to a stressed syllable and the following weak syllables.

4. We have seen that: • The tone starts on the nucleus, and carries on throughout the tail • Thus the shape of the tail depends on the nucleus; nucleus and tail are interdependent but • The head is independent of the nucleus

5. Two main types of head • High head • Low head … but the head is very variable

6. High head + low fall 1lets 1h0up ð0 1vaikiXz 0v "gon

7. head head ] ] [ [ High head + low fall 1lets 1h0up ð0 1vaikiXz 0v "gon • High heads tend to fall

8. High head + high fall 1lets 1h0up ð0 1vaikiXz 0v 2gon

9. High head + high fall 1lets 1h0up ð0 1vaikiXz 0v 2gon

10. Low head + high fall !lets !h0up ð0 !vaikiXz 0v 2gon

11. Low head + high fall !lets !h0up ð0 !vaikiXz 0v 2gon

12. Two main types of head • High head • Low head

13. Variation in heads “No more money in my name”

15. 1. Nucleus and tail 2. The Head 3. The Prehead

16. THE FOOT - a stressed syllable and the following weak syllables

17. The Prehead – consists of the weak syllables that come before the first foot – before the first stressed syllable of the head

18. The Prehead • is unmarked in the transcription (it has no stressed syllables) • is often LOW before a high stress • and HIGH before a low stress • in verse, the prehead is called the anacrusis

19. The Prehead LOW before a high stress: HIGH before a low stress: •

20. Head nucleus and tail Prehead The parts of the IP - summary Prehead, head and tail are optional. Only the nucleus necessary. Prehead, head, nucleus Prehead, nucleus Nucleus, tail