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Everything about C2 Chapters - Structures, Bonding, Properties, Reactions, Energy and more

This text provides an overview of all the important concepts covered in C2 chapters, from atomic structure and chemical bonding to properties, reactions, and energy. Learn about structures and bonding in compounds, the different types of chemical bonds, and the properties and reactions of various elements. Suitable for students studying chemistry.

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Everything about C2 Chapters - Structures, Bonding, Properties, Reactions, Energy and more

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  1. All you need to know about C2…

  2. Chapters in this unit • 1. Structures and bonding • 2. Structures and properties • 3. How much? • 4. Rates of reaction • 5. Energy and reactions • 6. Electrolysis • 7. Acids, alkalis and salts

  3. 1.1 Atomic structure

  4. 1.1 Atomic structure Columns = groupsGroup number = number of electrons in outer shell

  5. 1.1 Atomic structure Mass number: The number of protons and neutrons in an atom Atomic number: The number of protons or electrons in an atom

  6. 1.2 Electronic arrangement Each shell = different energy level Shell nearest nucleus = lowest energy level First shell max 2nd shell max 3rd shell max

  7. 1.2 Electronic arrangement Group 1 metals (aka alkali metals) - Have 1 electron in outer most shell - Soft metals, easily cut - Reacts with water and oxygen - Reactivity increases down the group - Low melting and boiling points

  8. 1.2 Electronic arrangement Group 0/8 metals (aka noble gases) - Have 2/8 electrons in outer most shell - Very stable gases, no reaction

  9. 1.2 Electronic arrangements

  10. 1.3 Chemical bonding • Mixture The combined substances do not change Easy to separate 2 or more elements • Compound • 2 or more elements Chemical reaction takes place Bonds form between atoms, difficult to reverse/separate.

  11. 1.4 Ionic bonding (metal + non-metal) Look! Group 7 element Look! Group 1 element Formed by the transfer of electrons Very strong forces of electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions = ionic bond

  12. 1.4 Ionic bonding(metal + non-metal) Ionic bonds form a giant lattice structure

  13. 1.5 Covalent bonding(non-metal + non-metal) Simple molecules Giant structures Formed by the sharing of electrons

  14. 1.6 Bonding in metals

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