Heat from Street

1. Heat from Street Street Capturing Energy System Supervisor: Eng. RamezKhaldi The students Abdullah Qalalwah 10612473 Amjad M. Dwikat 10614479 Hamza Sameer Fadda 10510086 MahmoudSamer Isa 10611524

2. For many years scientists and engineers tried hardly to find sustainable energy resources that don't have bad effects on the environment and they could reach to use renewable energy such as wind energy, geothermal energy, and solar energy. Solar energy is of the most important resources for energy nowadays. In this project we are going to get useful of the sun energy also invest the asphalted areas in harvesting energy besides to transportations. Introduction

3. Objectives • Finding alternative energy source with good efficiency. • Build model for street capturing energy system (SCES). • Investigate the amount of energy captured by the (SCES) model and the factors that limits the captured energy. • Investigate the temperature distribution along the depth of the asphalt pavement experimentally. • Investigate two different pipe diameters to compare their ability to capture more energy. • Investigate the possibility of reducing global warming effect.

4. System principle

5. Project outputs • Get new to an alternative energy source. • Investment of asphalted black areas. • Reduce maintenance asphalted areas. • Contribute in the reduction of Global warming. • Investment resulting energy in multiple uses.

6. Suggested applications 1. Heating and cooling buildings

7. 2. Generating electricity using thermoelectric generator

8. 3. Generating electricity using steam cycle

9. 4. Heating water system

10. System Components Pipes Asphalt Mix Steel three-dimensional network Pump Flow regulator Flow meter Valves Measurement Tools (Thermocouples)

11. Experimental procedure • Results for fixed water flow experiment Day: Tuesday Date: 26/4/2011

12. Relationship between generated energy and time Day: Tuesday Date: 26/4/2011

13. Average Energy for the fixed flow Day: Tuesday Date: 26/4/2011

14. 2. Variable water flow experiment Day: Thursday Date: 24/3/2011

15. 3. Asphalt temperature profile 3.1 Asphalt temperature profile without water flow experiment The Figure shows the average temperature distribution along the depth of the asphalt sample

16. 3.2 Asphalt temperature profile with water flow experiment The Figure shows the temperature distribution along the depth of the asphalt sample with water flow rate of 0.017857 L/sec

17. Calculations Methodology m=ρ*Q • m:Mass flow rate (kg/sec) • ρ: Density of water (kg/m3) • Q: water flow rate (m3/sec) • Q: is the energy (KW) • : Mass flow rate (kg/sec) • Cp: specific heat for water = 4.186 KJ/Kg • ∆T: the difference between outlet and inlet temperature = Tout-Tin

18. System Efficiency Calculations The efficiency of the system is calculated using the following equation • Output power: the power generated from the system (w/m2). • Input power: Intensity of Solar radiation for Palestine 900 w/m2 for April.

19. Summary for minimum and maximum efficiency for each model First system (5/8'' pipes network) The minimum efficiency for the first model = 3.22% The maximum efficiency for the first model = 13.82% Second system (3/4'' pipes network) The minimum efficiency for the first model = 3.137% The maximum efficiency for the first model = 6.344%

20. Comparison between street capturing energy system and Solar Thermal System (flat thermal panels) The following table shows comparing between street capturing energy system and Solar Thermal System (flat thermal panels)

21. Comparison between street capturing energy system and Diesel boiler for heating water • The efficiency of Diesel Oil boiler ranges between 72% - 80% • On the other hand the efficiency of street capturing energy system ranges between 3.22% - 13.82%

22. Economic feasibility for Street capturing energy system Summary for comparing between Street capturing energy system and Diesel boiler for heating water

23. Comparison between Street capturing energy system and Diesel boiler for heating water according impact on global warming

24. Financial study The following table shows the calculations of depreciation expense for the project The following table shows the financial results of the project Recovery period of the project is 4 years and five months, without taking into account the discount rate and the time factor

25. Conclusions • The asphalted areas contain huge quantity of energy which can be harvested and get useful from it in daily life uses. • The quantity of harvested energy is calculated by the following equation It depends on the mass flow rate which must be fixed during running the system and the change in the temperature of the water. • The temperature distribution of the asphalt is changing along the depth, because it depends on the thermal properties of the asphalt mix. • Using the system in large areas contribute in reducing the carbon dioxide emissions which increase global warming.

26. The longer the contact of water with the interior surface of the pipe makes a better opportunity to increase the temperature of the water. • The wind velocity effect on the convection and decrease the harvested energy. • The increase in the wind speed reduces the energy absorbed by the asphalted areas because convection increases between the air and the surface of the asphalt. • The increase in the density of the clouds in the sky reduces the energy absorbed by the asphalt, because the clouds obscure the sun rays from the surface of the asphalt, so the clouds absorb part of the sun energy and reflect the rest of the energy out of the earth.

27. Recommendations Study the location Asphalt mix Steel three-dimensional network Pipes network Water flow Working fluid Pump Generating electricity using Rankine cycle