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PPS Seminar 2005 Mobile Communications

PPS Seminar 2005 Mobile Communications. Damir Pasalic & Hannes Grubinger. For Your Information. Web Page: http://www.ifh.ee.ethz.ch/~fieldcom/pps-mobilecomm/mobilfunk.html Assistants: Damir Pasalic (ETZ G97) E-mail: dpasalic@ifh.ee.ethz.ch Hannes Grubinger (ETZ G95)

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PPS Seminar 2005 Mobile Communications

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  1. PPS Seminar 2005Mobile Communications Damir Pasalic & Hannes Grubinger

  2. For Your Information • Web Page: • http://www.ifh.ee.ethz.ch/~fieldcom/pps-mobilecomm/mobilfunk.html • Assistants: • Damir Pasalic (ETZ G97) • E-mail: dpasalic@ifh.ee.ethz.ch • Hannes Grubinger (ETZ G95) • E-mail: grubinger@ifh.ee.ethz.ch

  3. Overview • Motivation and Goal • Cellular Technology: Standards, History, Future Outlook • GSM-R, TETRA: Professional Applications • US Market: AMPS, IS-95, PCS1900, TACS,... • Satellite Communication: Inmarsat, Iridium, Globalstar, ICO,... • Business & Economics: Global Player, Swiss Market, Strategies • Developing Countries: Mobile Communications • Organizational Details

  4. Motivation and Goal • Mobile Communications (MC) is a future key technology • Understand the basic technologies behind MC • Learn how business and technology work together • See the “Big Picture” and evaluate demand for global MC • Assess technological impacts on society, politics, economics • Seminar approach • Become skilled at doing a literature and information search • Train your abilities to cope with a complex topic • Learn how to efficiently prepare a well-structured report • Enhance your presentation techniques

  5. History (pre-cell era) • First mobile radio link established by Marconi in late 1800’s • First mobile radiotelephone service on land was set up byDetroit Police Department in early 1920s (2 MHz) • Commercial service started in 1946 in USand early 1950s in Europe • Conventional Mobile Systems (CMS) were operating in 30-40, 150, and 450 MHz • public safety services (e.g. police, ambulance, fire brigade) • transport organizations (e.g. taxi) • service networks for utilities (gas, water, electrical production) • By 1963 number of users exceeded 1.3 million (12 channels)

  6. PSTN MSC MSC MSC BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS History: Cellular System

  7. History: First Generation (1G) • Introduction of analog cellular systems in the late 1970s and 1980s

  8. 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 History: 1G Frequency Bands MCS Downlink Uplink 925 885 NMT 900 Uplink Downlink 915 935 AMPS/ NAMPS Uplink Downlink 894 824 849 869 TACS Uplink Downlink 935 905 JTACS/ NTACS Downlink Uplink 885 925 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 MHz

  9. Second Generation (2G): Introduction • Annual growth rate in 1G systems 30 to 50% • 20 million subscribers by 1990 • Need to improve: • transmission quality • system capacity • coverage • fraud prevention and privacy

  10. Second Generation (2G): Major Systems 2G cellular systems include: • The EuropeanGlobal System for Mobile Communications (GSM),introduced in 1992 • TheNorth American Digital AMPS (D-AMPS),introduced in 1994 • IS-54: FDMA/TDMA access mode • IS-95: CDMA access mode • TheJapanese Digital Cellular (JDC) system, introduced in 1992 • The North AmericanPersonal Communication Systemoperating at 1900 MHz (PCS 1900)

  11. Second Generation (2G): GSM • Created in 1992 as a pan-European networkcapable of supporting many millions of subscribers • Operates 992 channels in FDMA/TDMA access mode • Frequency bands: • GSM900: 880-915 MHz paired with 925-960 MHz • GSM1800: 1710-1785 MHz paired with 1805-1880 MHz • GSM1900: 1850-1910 MHz paired with 1930-1990 MHz • GSM is the leading wireless standard in the world covering (2003): • 72% of the world’s digital market • 60% of the world’s wireless market

  12. Countries with GSM service Countries without GSM service Worldwide GSM Networks in Service GSM used in 159 countries

  13. Terrestrial Communications: TETRA • Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) • Standard for professional mobile communications • Established in 1995 by ETSI and 21 European countries • Suitable for use in “rough” communications environments • Designed for security services, emergency units, industry,... • GSM-R is a GSM clone built for railways with TETRA features • TETRA features • Secure encryption, reliable, fast and guaranteed service quality • High data rates, packet data optimization, high frequency re-use • Group calls, paging, push-to-talk,handsets as repeater stations • GSM intra-operability and functionality (e.g. call wait/hold, etc.) • Priority, authorization, area selection, monitoring, responsibility

  14. Terrestrial Communications: TETRA • Typical TETRA applications • Public transportation: Update schedule, client, tariff information • Traffic: Control sets of lights, parking and detour routing • Police, emergency units: Walkie-talkie mode (TETRAPOL) • Trucking: Navigation data, fleet management, scheduling • Advertisement: Transmit data to e-boards • Railways: Positioning, onboard communication and phone services TETRA Walkie-Talkie TETRAPOL Car Unit TETRA Navigation Controller

  15. Satellite Communications: Overview • Satellite systems existing or planned in 2003: • Name Satellites Orbit Altitude Year Company Inmarsat 4+5 GEO 35’786 km 1982 Inmarsat Ltd. Iridium 66 LEO 765 km 1998 Boeing et. al. Globalstar 48 LEO 1’389 km 1998 Major Telecoms ICO 12 MEO 10’390 km 2003? New ICO Ltd. Teledesic 288 LEO 1’400 km 2005? ICO Teledesic Odyssey 12 MEO 10’354 km Project is stopped! • At the present time, the ONLY reliably operating satellite mobile communications service is the 20 year old Inmarsat system! • Nowadays the satellite business is dominated by takeovers, flops, bankruptcy filings, alliances, mergers, technical disasters, etc.(e.g. Inmarsat founds ICO, then New ICO, now owned by Teledesic)

  16. Satellite Communication I: Inmarsat • Established in 1979 to initially serve the maritime industry • Works anywhere in the world with the exception of the poles • In 2001: 150’000 end-user terminals throughout the world • Inmarsat-A: Analog system, up to 9.6 kbit/s (2 suitcases, 50 kg) • Inmarsat-B: Digital successor, up to 64 kbit/s (laptop-sized, 3 kg) • Equipment: 1.5...1.6 GHz, 40 cm dish, 2...20 W Inmarsat-A System Inmarsat-A Maritime Antenna Inmarsat-B System

  17. Satellite Communication I: Inmarsat • Standard services include • Direct-dial telephony, fax, telex, messaging • E-mail, data, quality audio, compressed video, slow-scan TV • Additional Inmarsat C...I services include • Group messaging/calling (similar to TETRA feature) • Aircraft satellite communication telephony • Encryption devices for secure transmission • Position reporting • Charges: U$ 3...20.-/minute (depending on service and provider) • Equipment cost: Starting from U$ 2’500.- (simple terminal)

  18. Satellite Communication II: IRIDIUM • Established in 1998 and initially designed and owned by Motorola • Works anywhere in the world using 66 satellites in LEO(which allows to have specifically small signal delays) • Services include • Voice, fax, messaging, e-mail, internet, data (approx. 10 kbit/s) • Charges: U$ 3...5.-/minute (depending on service and provider) • Mobile handset: 1.6 GHz, integrated antenna, 1-2 W, U$ 3’000.- IRIDIUM Handsets IRIDIUM Pager IRIDIUM Satellite

  19. Satellite Communication II: IRIDIUM • The “not-so-good” news... • 3’000 subscribers worldwide (1999) • Total revenue of U$ 600’000.- (1999) • Marketing cost: U$ 200’000’000.- • Operating cost of U$ 400’000’000.- (annually!) • Prediction for 2002: 5’000’000 end-users... • After financial bankruptcy and a loss of U$ 5.5 billion, Motorola decided to shut down Iridium in March 2000 and planned to crash and burn up the satellites in the earth’s atmosphere! • Iridium LLC (Boeing) bought the whole system for U$ 25 million • New sales/marketing strategies, different targeted user profile • Less expensive call charges, improved system performance • Better GSM/UMTS connectivity, cheaper and lightweight phones

  20. Third Generation (3G): Introduction • Cellular and satellite networks provide greater freedom in the communications among people • New “information age” with different life-styles and world economy • The next goal is development of truly global system providing communication “to everyone, everywhere” • Part of the solution of the communication problem in the developing world • Wide range of radio environments have to be integrated

  21. Global Suburban& rural Urban In-building Pico-Cell Satellite Macro-Cell Micro-Cell Pico-Cell Third Generation: Environments Integration

  22. Third Generation (3G) Standards • International Mobile Telecommunication System (IMT-2000) • Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) • Basic Properties of a 3G System: • Used worldwide • Used for all mobile applications • Offer high data rates up to 2 Mbps (depending on mobility/velocity) • Offer high spectrum efficiency

  23. Third Generation: Spectrum Availability 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2010 MHz ITU “IMT-2000” IMT 2000 IMT 2000 MSS MSS 2025 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz 1885 MHz Europe UMTS UMTS GSM 1800 DECT MSS MSS 1980 MHz 1880 MHz 2170 MHz 1919.6 MHz Japan IMT 2000 IMT 2000 PHS MSS MSS 1893.5 MHz 2160 MHz USA PCS MSS MSS Reserved 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

  24. Global Players • Change from national analog to global digital communication networks is driven by: • digitalization • computerization • deregulation • Increased competition • New operators starting from “green field” situation use wireless networks to bypass the networks established by national operators

  25. “Major” Players: Europe • Vodafone (UK) • T-Mobile / Deutsche Telekom (Germany) • TIM / Telecom Italia (Italy) • Telefonica (Spain) • France Telecom / Orange (France) • Swisscom Mobile / Swisscom Group (Switzerland)

  26. 4 4 3.5 Subscribers [Million] 3.4 Revenues [Billion CHF] 3 EBITDA [Billion CHF] (data refers to mobile business units only, data as of end 2002) 2.5 2 1.9 1.5 1 0.94 0.93 0.89 0.75 0.5 0.01 0 -0.02 -0.5 “Local” Players: Switzerland

  27. Major Cellular Providers in North America • Verizon Wireless (US) • joint venture of Verizon Comm. and Vodafone • Cingular (US) • recently bought AT&T Wireless • Sprint PCS (US) • T-Mobile, formerly Voicestream (US) • Rogers Wireless • previously Rogers AT&T • Microcell Telecom (Canada)

  28. 30 25 Subscribers [Million] Revenues [Billion $US] (data refers to mobile business units only, data as of mid 2002) 20 15 10 5 0 Verizon AT&T Sprint PCS Rogers / Microcell Wireless Wireless AT&T Telecom Global Players: North America

  29. Business & Economics: General • How much does it cost to... • purchase licenses for parts of the future mobile spectrum • plan and build a mobile telecommunications system • keep the system up and running (maintenance, administration, etc.) • introduce new technologies (GPRS, EDGE, HSCSD, etc.) • acquire new subscribers • Which services can be introduced to... • generate additional revenues • pay off debts from UMTS auctions and system installation • What are the key facts and figures of the... • Swiss/German/French/US cellular phone market • global players involved in mobile communications • deregulation, liberalization and monopolization issues and strategies

  30. Communication Sys in Developing Countries • Picture these facts: • 4/5 of the world’s population does not have the most basicaccess to phone services and 1/2 of it has never used a phone • The greater majority of all countries in the world do not havea publicly available, reliable and cheap phone system operating • International Telecommunication Union (ITU) goal in 1995: • “By the end of the year 2001, each citizen worldwide should have direct access to telephone services” • “Wireless phone networks represent a cheap alternative to wire line plain old telephone systems (POTS)” • Can satellite and terrestrial wireless systemsmeet these expectations in the future?

  31. Organizational Details I • Group of 2...3 students will work on one project • Choose a project from the existing list or define a suitable • topic related to Mobile Communications on your own • Make your decision by April 19 • Final projects will be communicated via e-mail to students • Each group must prepare an initial proposal (1 page) and give • a short presentation (5-10 minutes) on April 26 • Groups work independently on their project and contact Damir or Hannes as needed • Meetings will be arranged upon request on Tuesdays • Check the web page regularly! • www.ifh.ee.ethz.ch/~fieldcom/pps-mobilecomm/mobilfunk.html

  32. Organizational Details II • Each group prepares a written report (10-15 pages)and final presentation (20 minutes) in English • Drafts are to be handed in prior to the final presentation • Presentation/report/draft/progress due dates will be • announced individually via e-mail and web page • Marking: • Proposal presentation: 15% • Final presentation: 35% • Written report: 50% • Each student should comment on the presentation of others • Field trip(s) and lecturer visit(s) will be organized

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