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‘ Taqdir ’ Current and actual concept

‘ Taqdir ’ Current and actual concept. Author Prof. Dr. M. Motiar Rahman FRCS (Glasgow) Head, Dept. of Surgery Dhaka National Medical College and Hospital Chairman Qur’an Research Foundation. Author Prof. Dr. Md. Motiar Rahman FRCS (Glasgow) (The most experienced surgeon

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‘ Taqdir ’ Current and actual concept

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  1. ‘Taqdir’ Current and actual concept

  2. Author • Prof. Dr. M. MotiarRahman • FRCS (Glasgow) • Head, Dept. of Surgery • Dhaka National Medical College and Hospital • Chairman • Qur’an Research Foundation

  3. Author • Prof.Dr. Md. MotiarRahmanFRCS (Glasgow) • (The most experienced surgeon • in laparoscopic Gall stone operation in Bangladesh) • Head, Dept. of Surgery • Dhaka National Medical College and Hospital • Chairman • Qur’an Research Foundation

  4. To believe in ‘Taqdir’ is a part of Iman-e- Mufassal. And Iman-e- Mufassal is the following-

  5. امَنْتُ بِاللهِ وَ مَلاَئِكَتِه وَ كُتُبِه وَ رُسُلِه وَالْقدْرِ خَيْرِه وَ شَرِّه مِنَ اللهِ تَعَالى وَالْبَعْثِ بَعْدِ الْمَوْت Meaning: I believe in Allah, His Angels, Books and Messengers and the good and bad side of Takdir determined by Him and the resurrection after death.

  6. Therefore it is crucial for every Muslim to know what is meant by the word ‘Takdiu’ in Qur’an and Sunnah, to believe in it and to act according to that belief.

  7. Current beliefs in the Muslim society (also in human civilization as a whole)

  8. Which one is correct? The fate of everything is- • predetermined by Almighty Allah • not predetermined by Almighty Allah • none is correct

  9. Thus the current beliefs in the Muslim society (also in human civilization as a whole ) are the following-

  10. Allah has predetermined the fate, destiny or result of all things or activities • The cause, time and place of death is predetermined • The final fate (Paradise or Hell) of all people is also predetermined. • Man has no capacity to change that fate.

  11. Sources of the current fate related beliefs

  12. Source-1

  13. The current meaning of the word ‘Qadr’ present in Iman-e-Mufassal-

  14. امَنْتُ بِاللهِ وَ مَلاَئِكَتِه وَ كُتُبِه وَ رُسُلِه وَالْقدْرِ خَيْرِه وَ شَرِّه مِنَ اللهِ تَعَالى وَالْبَعْثِ بَعْدِ الْمَوْت Current meaning: I believe in Allah, His Angels, Books and Messengers and the good and bad side of fate determined by Him and the resurrection after death.

  15. Source-2

  16. The current meaning of the word ‘Qadr’ or ‘Takdir’ present in the Qur’an and Hadith.

  17. The current meaning of the word ‘Qadr’ or ‘Takdir’ present in the Qur’an-

  18. Fact-1

  19. إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ . Translation:I have revealed it (the Qur’an) on the night of Qadr. (Qadr/97 : 1)

  20. Current meaning of the word Qadr of this verse-

  21. Ma’reful Qur’an Mufti Muhammad Shafi (R) Translator : MaolanaMuhiuddin Khan Publisher : Islami Foundation, Bangladesh 1st. Edition, May 1988 Page no. 937-8

  22. One meaning of the word ‘Qadr’ is ‘valuable’ or ‘prestigious’. Some scholars take this meaning here.

  23. The other meaning of the word ‘Qadr’ is fate (destiny) or order.

  24. On this night the predetermined fate of the next year is delivered to the Angels responsible for its management or implementation.

  25. In it the age, death, livelihood of every man, even the amount of rain etc. are delivered to a selected Angel in a written form.

  26. Tafhimul Qur’an SayedAbulA’laMaududi Translator : Abdul MannanTalib Adhunic Publisher April : 1991 Page : 181

  27. Some scholars have taken the meaning of the word ‘Qadr’ as fate. That is, in this night Allah (ST) transfers the decision of fate to the Angels.

  28. On the other hand Imam Zuhuri said, the meaning of ‘Qadr’ is superiority or prestige. That is, this is a prestigious night.

  29. The meaning of the word ‘Qadr’ and ‘Takdir’ as fate or destiny has got tremendous publicity.

  30. And if one take the meaning of the word ‘Qadr’ and ‘Takdir’ as fate or destiny the meaning of the verses of the Qur’an having these words will be as follows-

  31. Fact-2

  32. وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ فَقَدَّرَه تَقْدِيْرًا. Incautious meaning:And He has created everything and fixed their fate. (Forqan/25: 2)

  33. Fact-3

  34. إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ. Incautious meaning: Definitely I have created everything with destiny. (Qamar/54: 49)

  35. Fact-4

  36. وَلَكِنْ يُنَزِّلُ بِقَدَرٍ مَا يَشَاءُ. Incautious meaning: But He distributes livelihood according to fate as determined by Him. (Shura/42 : 27)

  37. And if one take the meaning of the word ‘Qadr’ and ‘Takdir’ as fate or destiny the translation of the Hadith having these words will be as follows-

  38. Fact-1

  39. عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ كَتَبَ اللهُ مَقَادِيرَ الْخَلَائِقِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ قَالَ وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ. (رواه مسلم)

  40. Incautious meaning: Abdullah Bin Amar (R) narrated, the Prophet (S) says, “Allah has written down the fate of all creations fifty thousand years before the creation of skies and earth. At that time Allah’s Throne was above the water.” (Al Maktabatush Shamelah:Muslim,Hadith No.- 4797)

  41. Fact-2

  42. عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ (ص) : اِنَّ اَوَّلَ مَا خَلَقَ اللهُ الْقَلَمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ اُكْتُبْ ، قَالَ : مَااَكْتُبُ؟ قَالَ: اُكْتُبِ الْقَدَرَ، فَكَتَبَ مَا كَانَ وَماَ هُوَ كَائِنٌ اِلَى الْاَبَدِ. رواه الترمذى وقال هَذا حديثٌ غريبٌ اِسنادًا.

  43. Incautious meaning: Ubaida Bin Samet (R ) narrated, Prophet (S) said, “ Allah first made a pen. Then He ordered the pen to write. The pen asked, ‘What shall I write?’ Allah ordered the pen to write fate.

  44. So the pen wrote what was present and what will continue to happen in the future. (Al Maktabatush Shamelah:Tirmizi,Hadith No.-2081,Tirmizi narrated the Hadith and termed it ‘Garib’)

  45. Fact-3

  46. وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ (ص) كُلُّ شَىْءٍ بِقَدَرٍ حَتَّى الْعَجْزَ وَالْكَيِّسِ . رواه مسلم Incautious meaning: Ibn Omar (R) narrated, the Prophet (S) said, “Every thing has been created with destiny, even the sharpening or weakening of intellect.” (Muslim,Muatta,Al Maktabatush Shamelah:Zamiul Usul Fi Ahadisur Rasul,Hadith No.-7587)

  47. Effects of the concept ‘fate of everything is predetermined by Allah’ in the present Muslim society

  48. Criminal people have received grounds to justify their illegal activities. They say, our fate is predetermined by Allah, so it does not matter whether we do good or bad deeds.

  49. Muslims have lost interest to put maximum efforts in doing difficult or risky jobs. Because they believe, result of all activities are prefixed, so their efforts will make no difference.

  50. Muslims have stopped research in all spheres of life. For this reason, the most advanced nation in the world is now much behind many other nations in all branches of science.

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