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Selected and targeted application of plant protection products Use after reaching of a treshold . Prohibition of herbicides in cereals after mid-October Only certain insecticides allowed in potatoes and cereals No insecticides (sprays) in corn Limitation of prae-emergence herbicides
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Selected and targeted application of plant protection products • Use after reaching of a treshold. • Prohibition of herbicides in cereals after mid-October • Only certain insecticides allowed in potatoes and cereals • No insecticides (sprays) in corn • Limitation of prae-emergence herbicides • Herbicides use in the meadows extremely limited • Choice of products in viticulture and orchards (with the professional organizations) • 6 m distance from surface water • Test of spraying equipment at least every 4 years
Selected and targeted application of plant protection products In this field research and extension are extremely important: • Fixation of treatment thresholds • Forecast models for insects and diseases • Methods to calculate the appropriate quantities of plant protection products • Facilitated access to users; ex: www.agrometeo.ch
Respect of other restrictions related to agriculture: • legislation on water protection • legislation on environment protection
Farmers’ uptake of ecological cross compliance in Switzerland Proof of Ecological Performance PEP voluntary PEP as Cross compliance
Policies and InstrumentsGeneral direct payments () • Payments per hectare for total utilised agricultural area • Payments for roughage consuming animals • Additional payments in hills and mountains for sloping terrain and animals
Policies and InstrumentsEcological direct payments () • Ecological compensation areas (ECA) • Payments for extensive production of cereals and rape-seed: no fungicides, no insecticides (50% and 15% of surfaces) • Organic farming • Payments for animal welfare com- mitments (animal-friendly stables and daily access to open air)
Policies and Instruments Ordinance on Eco-Quality ()(Regional Promotion of Quality and Interlinking of Ecological Compensation Areas) • Poor quality of Ecological Compensation Areas (ECA) • ECA not interlinked • Ordinance on Eco-Quality • Minimum standards by central government • Voluntary basis • Co-financing: 80% central government, 20% local
Policies and InstrumentsFederal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage • Protection and maintenance of nature and landscape with co-financiation by the central government • Biotopes of national and regional importance (Alluvial zones, mires and dry grasslands)