Understanding Exposure

1. Understanding Exposure GETTING THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF LIGHT TO MAKE THE PICTURE

2. The Photographic Triangle Photography’s creative tools include: Aperture Film Speed Shutter Speed Photographer must decide which one takes priority.

3. The Photographic Triangle Aperture • most important for depth of field Shutter Speed • most important for action – show motion or stop action Film Speed • speed used allows for different aperture/speed combinations to provide a variety of creative effects

4. The Photographic Triangle Which element you choose as a priority will be the most important decision you make before taking a photograph. next

5. Aperture next • aperturetakes priority over shutter speed when depth of field is most important to the composition • depth of field is the area of sharpness within a picture • large • shallow f stop is the diameter of the aperture expressed as a ratio of the focal length (ex) • f/4 is one-fourth of the focal length • ex: f/4 for a 100 mm lens, 100/4 = 25 • each stop is ½ of the previous

6. Wide sweeping views back

7. Isolated views back

8. Aperture back

9. 3 Factors That Influence Depth of Field • aperture • larger #(smaller hole), greater DoF • smaller #(larger hole), shallower DoF • focal length • short lens, greater DoF • long lens, shallower DoF • distance to subject • farther, greater DoF • closer, shallower DoF

10. 3 Basic Categories of Composition and How to Achieve Story telling • has a beginning, middle and end • large DoF • use small aperture – f/16, f/22, f/32 • use normal (50 MM) or wide angle lens (16 mm, 28 mm) • (examples) next

11. Story Telling – large Depth of Field

12. Story Telling – large Depth of Field

13. Story Telling – large Depth of Field back

14. 3 Basic Categories of Composition and How to Achieve Isolation • a single theme or subject • shallow DoF • use large aperture (f/1.4 to f/4) • shoot closer to subject • use longer lens (100 mm or more) ormacro lens • (examples) next

15. Isolation- Shallow Depth of Field

16. Isolation- Shallow Depth of Field back

17. 3 Basic Categories of Composition and How to Achieve Who Cares • all items are the same distance from camera- no distant background or noticeable foreground • use medium DoF – f/8 most recommended • use about 50 - 100 mm lens • (examples)

18. Who Cares

19. End of Aperture and Depth of Field Section

20. Shutter Speed • set as priority when want to “freeze action” or “imply motion” or hand holding camera • fast speed to freeze action (ex) • slow speed to imply motion (creates motion blur) (ex) • when hand holding camera for sharp image • shutter speeds are seconds or fraction of second • 2, 1, ½, ¼, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000 •  each speed is ½ of the previous next

21. Stop Action (back)

22. Imply Motion (back)

23. Shutter Speed Fast Speed to Freeze Action Which speed depends on: • distance to subject • farther away – slower speed OK • closer – faster speed needed • direction subject is moving • rule of thumb • 1/125 moving to/away • 1/500 – 1/1000 moving across • focal length of lens • long lens, faster speed needed • short lens, slower speed can be used

24. Shutter Speed Ways to Imply Motion with Slow Speed • Intentional blur – subject moves, camera stationary (ex) • Camera movements – subject stationary or moving and camera moves (ex) • Zoom – camera stationary while zooming in/out (ex) • Long exposure – camera stationary while subject moving (ex) • Panning – camera moves to follow moving subject (ex) next

25. Intentional blur back

26. Camera movements back

27. Zoom - stationary subject

28. Zoom – moving subject back

29. Long exposure back

30. Panning

31. Panning and Implied Motion back

32. Shutter Speed • Handholding camera – shutter speed takes priority over aperture when holding camera and you want extremely sharp composition • If want to use a slower speed than is safe, use a tripod

33. Shutter Speed • Safe hand holding speed – nearest speed to inverse of the lens focal length

34. End of Shutter Speed Section

35. Film Speed • Choice of film speed affects the ability to achieve creative effects with aperture and shutter speed • Commonly measured using ISO number • 25, 50, 64, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 • each is twice as sensitive to light as the previous

36. Film Speed Speed of film determines its sensitivity to light Slow speed • less sensitive to light • good for daylight • requires longer exposure times/larger apertures Fast speed • more sensitive to light • good for night, indoors/low light • can use shorter exposure times/smaller apertures

37. Film Speed