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Conclusions

Conclusions. The final revision. Concluding Paragraphs. Final impressions are important, almost as important as first impressions.  A concluding paragraph is the last impression you will make on your reader, so make it good! 

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Conclusions

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  1. Conclusions The final revision

  2. Concluding Paragraphs • Final impressions are important, almost as important as first impressions.  A concluding paragraph is the last impression you will make on your reader, so make it good!  • Conclusions are often the most difficult part of an essay to write since many writers think they have nothing left to say when they finish their last body paragraph. A writer needs to keep in mind the conclusion is often what the reader remembers best, so the conclusion should be just as effective as the rest of the essay.

  3. Elements of a Conclusion • Your concluding paragraphmust: • RESTATE YOUR THESIS IN A FRESH WAY.  Do not use the same wording that you used in your thesis. • Provide a final insight.

  4. Suggestions • Answer the question “So What?”:  • Show the readers why this paper was important, meaningful, and useful. • Connect to current situation: • If your introduction went from general to specific, make your conclusion go from specific to general. Think globally. Connect your topic/theme to situations currently occurring. • For example, a paper on the role of women in Afghanistan might end with a statement about the struggle of all women in the world. • Create new meaning:  • You do not have to give new information to create a new meaning. By demonstrating how your ideas work together you can create a new picture. Often the sum of the paper is worth more than its parts

  5. Suggestions, cont. • When presenting two sides of an argument: • Consider ending your essay by showing which side has more merit. • Bring your ideas full circle:  • Consider the beginning or your paper and how you initially grabbed your reader’s attention.; this gives a sense of closure. Return to the themes in the introduction. If you began by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario. Refer to the introductory paragraph by using key words, or parallel concepts and images that you also used in the introduction • Conclude with a quotation from a primary or secondary source: • an author, critic or scholar can help confirm or complicate your final point. In an essay about the role of women in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, you might do the following: • conclude the essay with information or a quote about Shakespeare’s own feelings about his characters • end with a biographer's statement/quote about Shakespeare’s attitude toward women • include a quote from a critical analysis essay that references the topic

  6. Suggestions, cont. • Propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or questions for further study • For example, a paper on the topic of inequality for the poor, might end with a suggestion about what can be done to help the poor. • Point to broader implications • A paper about the style of writer, F. Scott Fiztgerald, could point to his influence on other writers or later depictions of the roaring 20’s.

  7. Strategies to Avoid • Strategies to avoid • Beginning with unnecessary, overused phrases such as "in conclusion," "in summary," or "in closing." Although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing. • Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion. • Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any changes. • Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

  8. Help Getting Started Strategies for an effective conclusion • Play the "So What" Game. • When you read a statement from the conclusion, ask yourself, "So what?" or "Why should anybody care?" • Ponder that question and answer it • Basically, I’m just saying that education was important to Hosseini • So what? • Well, it was important because it was a key for him to show the differences between the Hazara and the Pashtun • Why should anybody care? • People should care because their struggle is not just about one nation and one culture; it is about the universal struggle that all oppressed people feel. Education just highlights that all over the world, there is injustice and abuse of power. Hosseini is showing his dislike of injustice and religious intolerance.

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