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Japanese History to 1467 AD

Japanese History to 1467 AD. Japanese Origins. Humans: 30,000 BC Pottery: 10,000 BC Jomon style (cords) Pottery: 8,000 Hunter-Gatherer with Horticulture Yayoi Culture: 300 BC --Agriculture, Bronze, Iron From Korea. The Yamato State. 300-600 AD: Rise of Yamato State

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Japanese History to 1467 AD

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  1. Japanese History to 1467 AD

  2. Japanese Origins • Humans: 30,000 BC • Pottery: 10,000 BC • Jomon style (cords) Pottery: 8,000 • Hunter-Gatherer with Horticulture • Yayoi Culture: 300 BC --Agriculture, Bronze, Iron From Korea

  3. The Yamato State • 300-600 AD: Rise of Yamato State • Regional Aristocrats Pledge to Yamato Plains Great King • Western Honshu and Northern Kyuushu • Extended Family--Uji + He (workers) • Korean Cultural Influence • Confucianism: 513 AD • Buddhism: 538 AD

  4. Religion • Shinto: Way of the Gods • Reverence of Natural Features • Anthropomorphization of Spirits (Kami) • Yamato Clan Goddess --> Ruler of the Kami • Writing + Buddhism Forces Codification of Shinto--Kojiki (680 AD) and Nihon Shoki (720 AD)

  5. Nara (710 to 794 AD) and Heian Japan (795-1185 AD) • Adoption of Chinese Culture • ‘Wa’ to ‘Nihon’ • Taika Reforms (Emperor Temmu, 680s) • Chinese Law Code • Tang Style Government • Land Survey and Census • Creation of Nara (710 AD) • Heian Capital (Kyoto, 794 AD)

  6. Nara and Heian Society • Tiny Super-Rich Elite Live High Life • Most are dirt poor peasants in pit houses • Tiny Government (6,000 govern 4-5 million) • Fujiwara Clan (856 AD - 1068 AD) • Equal Field System: In theory, reallotment every 6 years. In practice, rich monopolize land increasingly

  7. Rise of the Samurai • End of Conscript Armies: 792 AD • Samurai--Mounted Tax-Exempt Warriors • Bow is Primary Weapon • Regional coalitions of Samurai Arise • 1156 AD--Taira Kiyomori seizes the capital

  8. Aristocratic Culture and Buddhism • Aristocrats = under 1/10th of 1% of population • Education Based on Chinese Culture • Japanese Poetry • Rise of Kana phonetic Script • Women Dominate Japanese Literature

  9. Japanese Literary Women • Sei Shonagon (c. 966-1017) • Pillow Book of Sei Shonagon (1001-10 AD) • The Tale of Genji, Murasaki Shikubu, 1010 AD • Aristocratic Culture, Love, Intrigue, and LOTS OF LETTER AND POETRY WRITING

  10. Nara and Heian Buddhism • State Supported Temples • Tendai Sect (805 AD) • Ability to gain enlightenment inherent in all things • The world expresses Dharma • Thus art is a contemplation of dharma • Army of Warrior Monks

  11. Nara and Heian Buddhism (II) • The Shingon Sect • Kukai (774-835 AD) • All Buddhas reflect the COSMIC Buddha • Enlightenment flows from your spirit potential, your Buddha Nature • Shingon = ‘True Word’ or ‘Mantra’ • Esoteric Sect

  12. Early Feudalism / Samurai Rule • Fall of Civilian Rule in 12th century • Bakufu (Tent Government) and Shogun • Kamakura Era (1185-1331 AD) • Minamoto Yoritomo (1147-1199) • Shoguns soon become puppets of Hojo Family • Kamikaze weather defeats Mongols • Is this a Feudal State?

  13. Ashikaga Era (1336-1467 AD) • Emperor Go-Daigo and the Kemmu Restoration (1331-6 AD) • Ashikaga Takuji takes over • Kyoto area Bakufu • Served by regional Daimyos (lords) • Semi-Feudal

  14. The Onin War (1467-77 AD) • Economic Distress + Succession Dispute • Shogunate is now impotent • Daimyos lose control to lesser Daimyos • Spiral of collapse

  15. Agriculture, Commerce, Guilds • Rise of primogeniture weakens women’s position • 1200 AD: 6 million --> 1600 AD: 12 Million • Better farming • Shogunate: Commercialization of Economy

  16. Buddhism • Pure Land Buddhism: FAITH WILL SAVE! • Honen (1133-1212 AD): Faith in Name of Amida Buddha will save • Shinran (1173-1262 AD): Pure Faith will save; rules of monasticism unnecessary • Congregational system • Militarized by 15th century

  17. Nichiren Buddhism • Nichiren (1222-82) and the Lotus Sutra (1st century AD) • All have innate Buddha nature and can achieve enlightenment now • All other forms of Buddhism = WRONG • Emphasis on Ecstatic States and Recitation of Lotus Sutra • Daily religious practice (Gongyo)

  18. Zen Buddhism • From Song Dynasty China • Return to the ‘original mind’ • Experience > Words and Intellectual Argument • Rigid obedience + schedules • Koans: Parables for intuition

  19. The No Play • Musical Theatre; Male Actors in Masks • Chanted words; stylized action • Each performance is unique; actors practice alone but perform together • One Actor, Many Characters • ‘Invisible’ Stage Hands

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