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Bacteria and Viruses!

Bacteria and Viruses!. Breaking Down the Definitions Honors. Prokaryote Bacilli Cocci Spirilla Streptococci Staphlococci Gram negative Bacteria Gram positive bacteria Capsule Pili Pathology Exotoxins Endotoxins Antibiotic resistance Zoonosis Virus Capsid Retrovirus

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Bacteria and Viruses!

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  1. Bacteria and Viruses!

  2. Breaking Down the Definitions Honors • Prokaryote • Bacilli • Cocci • Spirilla • Streptococci • Staphlococci • Gram negative Bacteria • Gram positive bacteria • Capsule • Pili • Pathology • Exotoxins • Endotoxins • Antibiotic resistance • Zoonosis • Virus • Capsid • Retrovirus • Bacteriophages • Lytic cycle • Lysogenic cycle • Vector • Inactivated virus • Attenuated virus

  3. Breaking Down the Definitions Regular • Prokaryote • Bacillus • Coccus • Spirillum • Pathogen • Virus • Capsid

  4. Prokaryotes—Quick Review! • Prokaryotes are single celled organisms that do NOT have a membrane bound nucleus. • Prokaryotes are the most numerous organisms on Earth and live almost everywhere • Most prokaryotes are BACTERIA

  5. Bacteria—3 Basic Shapes Rod-Shaped Sphere Shaped Spiral Shaped

  6. Gram Stain • Bacteria can be classified into 2 categories based on the structure of their cell walls using GRAM STAIN. • GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA take up the red of the gram stain process, turning reddish pink under a microscope • GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA take up the purple dye and look purple under a microscope.

  7. Bacteria—Structure and Function • Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm • DNA, floating • Capsule—outer covering made of polysaccharides • Pili—short, hair-like proteins on the surface of the bacteria, helps bacteria attach to surfaces and cells

  8. Bacteria and Health (note: many bacteria are good for us!) • PATHOLOGY is the scientific study of disease • EXOTOXINS are toxic substances that bacteria secrete into their environment (tetanus) • ENDOTOXINS are toxic substances that are part of the outer membrane of bacteria and are not released until the cell dies (E.Coli) • ANTIBIOTICS are chemicals that inhibit the growth or kill bacteria • ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE is the evolution of populations of bacteria to resist (and not die) antibiotics.

  9. Antibiotic Resistance Activity What can you conclude about genetic variation and bacterial survival? Honors Homework: Read and complete #1-3 on page 475: Milestones in Treating Bacterial Diseases

  10. Bacterial Diseases

  11. Pink Eye

  12. Small Pox

  13. Lyme Disease

  14. Staph Infection

  15. Flesh Eating Disease

  16. Bacteria in Review: Crash Course!

  17. Bacteria Review Sheet--Regular

  18. Honors Culturing Bacteria Lab—Day 1 • P.480-481 • Read Part A and Part B • Decide what 3 places you think will have lots of bacteria • Set up your petri dish • Make a hypothesis • Collect Bacteria • Place Petri dishes in designated locations

  19. Culturing Bacteria Lab—1 week later • Make Observations, record • Answer analysis and conclusion questions • Formal Lab Write Up!

  20. Viruses! A VIRUS is a nonliving particle made up or nucleic acid and a protein coat and cause disease. Viruses are VERY small Viruses are NOT living because: • They lack cytoplasm • They lack organelles • No metabolism or homeostasis • Can only reproduce while in a host cell

  21. VIRAL REPLICATION • Outside the host cell, a virus is a lifeless particle with no control over its movements • It is spread by air, in water, in food, or body fluids • A virus recognizes a host cell and then attaches to it and the infection begins • Once in a host cell the viruses DNA can make mRNA or the viruses RNA serves as mRNA and they begin to replicate more viruses

  22. How a Virus Works Video Clip

  23. Viral Diseases • Since viruses are lifeless they must be spread by other agents…humans, animals, insects, etc. • Common Viral Diseases: • Chicken pox, shingles, viral hepatitis, HIV, SARS, Avian Flu, West Nile, Influenza • Virus Song!

  24. Chicken Pox and Shingles

  25. Virus Treatment • Vaccinations and Vector Control • A VACCINE is a solution that contains a harmless version of the virus (inactive or weakened). • VECTOR CONTROL is a the control of animal vectors such as mosquito and rabies control • Drugs/Medications do not work well on viruses because it is hard to find something that can block the virus but not harm the host cell.

  26. Comparing Bacteria and VirusesComparing Bacteria and Viruses #2 • Watch the clips • Create a t-chart to list characteristics of both bacteria and viruses • After the video clips, add to the t-chart • Write an 8 sentence or longer paragraph to compare and contrast bacteria and viruses.

  27. Review Honors—Study Guide Regular—Review worksheet, Study Guide (may be used on exam)

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