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Chemistry Part II Electrons and Bonding.

Chemistry Part II Electrons and Bonding. Electrons surround the nucleus of an atom. Electrons are negatively charged particles. They are responsible for chemical reactions. The have a very, very, very, very, very, very small mass. 8ft. 2 ft.

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Chemistry Part II Electrons and Bonding.

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  1. Chemistry Part II Electrons and Bonding.

  2. Electrons surround the nucleus of an atom. • Electrons are negatively charged particles. • They are responsible for chemical reactions. • The have a very, very, very, very, very, very small mass. 8ft 2 ft

  3. Electrons are found around the nucleus in clouds otherwise known as energy levels. • The 1st energy level around a nucleus can hold a max of 2 electrons • The 2nd energy level around a nucleus can hold a max of 8 electrons • The 3rd Energy level can hold a max of 18 electrons.

  4. How it works Electron Lithum has an atomic number of 3, so there are 3 protons. This means there are 3 electrons 2nd Energy Level nucleus Place electrons around the nucleus by first putting them on the first energy lever. 1st level max is two electrons. Once you hit the max go to the next level. 1st Energy Level

  5. You Try Magnesium it has an atomic number of 12. Nucleus

  6. How to do it. 1st level can hold a max of 2 electrons Put two electrons on the 1st level Nucleus

  7. How to do it. 1st level can hold a max of 2 electrons 2nd level can hold a max of 8 electrons Nucleus Place 8 more electrons on the 2nd level

  8. How to do it. Place 2 more electrons on the 3rd level 1st level can hold a max of 2 electrons 2nd level can hold a max of 8 electrons Nucleus 3rd level can hold a max of 18, but we need to only place 2 2+8+2=12

  9. Answer to Magnesium it has an atomic number of 12. 2+8+2=12 Nucleus

  10. Your turn to determine the protons, neutrons, electrons and then draw the atoms. 9 Fluorine F 18.99 Protons = Neutrons = Electrons =

  11. Bonding • When atoms join together or bond it is due to the creation of a more stable piece of matter. • Electrons filling up the outer energy levels to their maximum is what creates stability. • Outer energy levels are called valance levels. Unstable = 1 electron, when it can hold a max of 8. 1 Valence electron. Stable = outer electrons maxed on 2nd level. 8 valence electrons.

  12. Bonding • There are stable atoms on the periodic table, we call them the noble gasses. • Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon. • All of them have full valence levels. • Outermost levels are at their max or full.

  13. Luckily not all atoms are stable so we get a variety of chemicals and two major types of bonding. • 2 Major types of bonding. • Covalent Bonding is the sharing of electrons. • Ionic bonding is the transfer of electrons.

  14. Covalent Bonding • Covalent bonding is when atoms share electrons to create a full valence shell. • Hydrogen is unstable, it has 1 valence electron in the 1st energy level. • Oxygen is unstable because it has six electrons in the 2nd energy level. • When 2 hydrogen combine with 1 oxygen all atoms have full valence electrons by sharing the electrons.

  15. Examples of Covalent Bonds • Chlorine Gas • Glucose • Protein

  16. Ionic Bonds – Transfer of Electrons to Create Full Valance Energy Levels. • When an atom looses or gains an electrons we call them an ion. • If you loose an electron, then you become slightly positive. • If you gain an electron, then you become slightly negative. • Opposites attracts +/- • You get an ionic bond

  17. Ionic Bonds are best represented by salts. • Sodium Chloride • Potassium Chloride • Magnesium Chloride

  18. Exit Pass • What are valence electrons? • What does stability mean when we talk about bonding? • What is the maximum electrons allowed on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd energy levels? • What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?

  19. Darth Monkey Street Says, • “Electrons are responsible for all chemical reactions. If you get negative with me I will react with my light saber on you!”

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