Government-Industry-University Renewable Energy Partnerships—Working Toward a National Model

1. Government-Industry-University Renewable Energy Partnerships—Working Toward a National Model Energy Foundational Grand Challenge for Engineering Education March 8, 2012 Dr. Dan E. Arvizu Laboratory Director

2. National Energy Imperatives Reducing dependence on foreign sources Stimulating clean-energy companies and job growth Protecting resources and reducing global warming

3. “When we put a priority on renewable energy we address job creation, we address climate change, women's empowerment and food security. Sustainable energy cuts across nearly every major challenge we face today and will face in the future.” U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon at NREL, August 25, 2011

4. The global context 4

5. Shares of energy sources in total global primary energy supply in 2008 Source: IPCC Special Report Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN)

6. Ranges of global technical potentials of RE sources Source: IPCC Special Report Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN)

7. 7 Global RE primary energy supply from 164 long-term scenarios versus fossil and industrial CO2 emissions Source: SRREN SPM, Figure SPM.9

8. Energy Sector Challenges R&D Investment Drives Innovation Asset Utilization Capital Intensive with Long Life Cycles Shaping the Market National Strategies Driving Energy Market

9. A Profound Transformation is Required Today’s U.S. Energy System Sustainable Energy System TRANSFORMATION • Carbon neutral • Efficient • Diverse supply options • Sustainable use of natural resources • Creates American jobs • Accessible, affordable and secure • Dependent on foreign sources • Subject to price volatility • Increasingly vulnerable energy delivery systems • 2/3 of source energy is wasted • Produces 25% of the world’s carbon emissions • Role of electricity increasing

10. Decade of Global Progress: 2000 – 2010 Increasing Capacity, Improving Efficiency, Reducing Costs, Expanding Investment • Wind power capacity increased by a factor of 10 – to more than 200 gigawatts • Solar PV capacity grew by factor of 30 – to approximately 35 gigawatts • Biofuels emerged as a major industry – producing approximately 28 billion gallons annually • LEED-certified commercial buildings increased to more than 10,000 • Costs reduced significantly – approaching grid parity • Clean energy investment grew from $33B in 2004 – to $211B in 2010

11. Enable Innovation, Integration, & Adoption • Reducing Investment Risk • Basic and applied technology innovation • Accelerate technology market introduction and adoption • Integrate technology at scale • Collaboration in unique research and testing “partnering” facilities • Providing analysis and expertise to inform decisions

12. Status of the Technologies

13. Pursuing a Range of Promising PV Technologies c-Si ~ 180 um 20x-100x 500x Cu(In,Ga)Se2 ~ 1-2 um

14. Wind Technology Innovation Giant Multi-megawatt Turbines Courtesy: WindLogics, Inc. St. Paul, MN Wind Forecasting Offshore Wind Innovative Tall Towers Advanced Blades

15. Biofuels Innovation New conversion technologies are being developed, offering the possibility of revolutionary, high volume methods for producing biofuel hydrocarbon fuels for our trucks, trains, ships, and aircraft . . . Pyrolysis/Bio-Oil Pathways Chemical Catalytic Conversion Biological Conversion Heterotrophic Algae Conversion Hybrid Conversion Technologies

16. Efficiency/Integration Innovation Grid Integration • Interconnection Standards • IEEE Standards Development • Standards Testing and Validation • Smart-Grid Data Hub • RE Grid Integration • Power Electronics for Interconnection monitoring and control • Grid-to-vehicle interface Artist Rendering of the Energy System Integration Facility • Advanced Vehicles • Fuels utilization • Component technologies • Electric vehicle-to-grid interface • Buildings • Whole building systems integration • Computerized building energy optimization tools • Advanced HVAC (Heating Ventilating and air conditioning) • Cost effective ultra energy efficient retrofits

17. Innovation for the Future Integration • Integrating renewable energy at all scales Solar • Lowering cost of solar energy systems by 75% by 2020 Biofuels • Advanced biofuels – enabling cost-effective refining into transportation fuels Wind • System and component reliability, resource modeling and forecasting Efficiency • Whole building systems integration • Battery performance

18. A Government-Industry-University Partnership Model: The Colorado Renewable Energy Collaboratorycase study

19. The Colorado Renewable Energy Collaboratory: • Launched in 2007—favorable political and economic environment • Research consortium among NREL and three leading research universities: • Colorado School of Mines • Colorado State University • University of Colorado at Boulder

20. RPS Policies ME: 30% x 2000 New RE: 10% x 2017 VT: (1) RE meets any increase in retail sales x 2012; (2) 20% RE & CHP x 2017 WA: 15% x 2020* MN: 25% x 2025 (Xcel: 30% x 2020) MT: 15% x 2015 NH: 23.8% x 2025 MA: 22.1% x 2020 New RE: 15% x 2020(+1% annually thereafter) MI: 10% & 1,100 MW x 2015* ND: 10% x 2015 OR: 25% x 2025(large utilities)* 5% - 10% x 2025 (smaller utilities) SD: 10% x 2015 WI: Varies by utility; ~10% x 2015 statewide RI: 16% x 2020 NY: 29% x 2015 CT: 27% x 2020 CO: 30% by 2020(IOUs) 10% by 2020 (co-ops & large munis)* NV: 25% x 2025* OH: 25% x 2025† IA: 105 MW PA: ~18% x 2021† IL: 25% x 2025 WV: 25% x 2025*† NJ: 20.38% RE x 2021 + 5,316 GWh solar x 2026 IN: 15% x 2025† CA: 33% x 2020 KS: 20% x 2020 UT: 20% by 2025* VA: 15% x 2025* MO: 15% x 2021 MD: 20% x 2022 AZ: 15% x 2025 OK: 15% x 2015 NC: 12.5% x 2021(IOUs) 10% x 2018 (co-ops & munis) DE: 25% x 2026* NM: 20% x 2020(IOUs) 10% x 2020 (co-ops) DC DC: 20% x 2020 PR: 20% x 2035 TX: 5,880 MW x 2015 HI: 40% x 2030 Renewable portfolio standard Minimum solar or customer-sited requirement * 29 states + DC and Puerto Rico have Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable portfolio goal Extra credit for solar or customer-sited renewables † Includes non-renewable alternative resources Source: www.dsireusa.org/ January 2012

21. Collaboratory mission Working with publicand private partners to: • Create and commercialize renewable energy technologies; • Build a clean, sustainable renewable energy economy for Colorado and the nation; • Educate future scientists and engineers and train the renewable energy workforce. http://www.coloradocollaboratory.org/

22. Legislation to Help Build Colorado’s Economy • H.B. 06-1322 recognized that the development and production of renewable energy will advance the economic well-being of Colorado • Appropriated $6M to be spent over 3 years, for the purpose to cost share in the pursuit of attracting additional private and federal research funding to the Collaboratory • Created the Colorado Renewable Energy Authority Board to review and approve proposed expenditures and report progress to the Legislature

23. Research Centers • Integrate cutting-edge research with the industry know-how to accelerate the transfer of renewable energy technologies into the marketplace. • Each center pursues both shared (public) and sponsored (proprietary) research • Colorado Center for Biorefining and Biofuels (C2B2) • Center for Revolutionary Solar Photoconversion (CRSP) • Center for Research and Education in Wind (CREW) • Solar Technology Acceleration Center — Research Partnership • Carbon Management Center • Energy Efficiency and Management Center

24. The Colorado Center for Biorefining and Biofuels (C2B2) is a cooperative research and educational center devoted to the conversion of biomass to fuels and other products • C2B2 is supported by state, institutional, and industry funds.

25. Center for Revolutionary Solar Photoconversion (CRSP) is dedicated to the basic and applied research necessary to create revolutionary new solar energy technologies • Research underpins highly improved future renewable energy technologies, commonly called "third-generation solar photon conversion," that exhibit highly efficient and low-cost production of both fuels and electricity via direct solar-conversion processes. • Membership in CRSP allows companies and research institutions to learn about and participate in solar photoconversion science and technology advances.

26. The Center for Research and Education in Wind (CREW) is advances fundamental understanding and development of new technologies to improve the reliability and efficiency of wind power generation • The ultimate goal of CREW is to enable widespread deployment of wind energy infrastructure and to contribute to a reduction in the cost of wind energy through scientific, technological, regulatory, and political advances in the current state of the art in wind energy systems.

27. Members C2B2 • Chevron • Cobalt Biofuels • ConocoPhillips • Ecopetrol - ICP • Flad Architects • Genencor • General Motors • Genesis Biofuel • Gevo • OPX Biotechnologies • Rentech • Shell Global Solutions • Sundrop Fuels • Valero CRSP • Abengoa Solar • Applied Materials • DuPont • General Motors • Sharp • Tokyo Electron • Total • CREW • Mitsubishi Power Systems Americas, Inc. • NRG Systems • RES-Americas • Vestas • WindLogics Inc.

28. Education Task Force • Works with Colorado state agencies, universities, colleges, and community colleges to accomplish two essential goals: • The education of scientists and engineers for industry and academia • The training of workers needed by the private sector for manufacturing, deployment, operation, and maintenance of renewable energy technologies. • Each of the Collaboratory's four research institutions—Colorado School of Mines, Colorado State University, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and University of Colorado at Boulder—contribute to the Education Task Force's mission through academic programs and public outreach activities.

29. Significant Progress Since 2007 Original $6M State investment has resulted in: • Federal funding > $22M • Industry funding > $9M Private and federal funding commitments totalling more than $31M, Collaboratory has expended only $5.94M in State matching funds

30. Second Generation Funded Research • The second generation of federally and industry funded research has attracted more than $6M, with no additional matching fund commitments • Total return on original appropriation is more than $37M Collaboratory has generated more than $6 in private or federal funding for every one dollar of State matching funds.

31. To achieve a clean energy vision… Innovation Integration Collaboration

32. Campus aerial 2/2012 www.nrel.gov

33. Back up Slides