3-2 Notes Energy Flow

1. 3-2 Notes Energy Flow Chapter 3 Ecology

2. Ag Fact: FFA meeting tomorrow 3:15 at Bellevue Bowl • Objective: Students will be able to define, picture and paraphrase 15 of the ecology key terms.

3. Pass it along • Energy flows in one direction through an ecosystem, from the sun or inorganic compounds to producers (organisms that can make their own food) through various levels to consumers (organisms that rely on other organisms for food). Your body gets the energy and materials it needs for growth and repair from the foods you eat.

4. Pass it a long questions • 1. Make a list of five foods that you like to eat. Indicate whether the food comes from a plant (producer) or an animal (consumer). • 2. Like many birds, chickens eat grains, which are seeds. Where do seeds come from? • 3. Meat comes from beef cattle. What do cattle eat?

6. Vocabulary • Ecology • Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. • Biosphere • Part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere. • Species • Group of similar organism that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

7. Population • Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area. • Community • Assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area.

8. Vocabulary • Ecosystem • Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment. • Biome • Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities.

9. Vocabulary • Producer • Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph. • Consumer • Organism that relies on other organisms fro its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph. • Carnivore • Organism that obtains energy by eating animals. • Herbivore • Organism that obtains energy by eating only plants.

10. 3-2 Vocabulary • Detritivore • Organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter. • Omnivore • Organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals. • Decomposer • Organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter.

11. 3-2 Notes 1. Producers a) Autotrophs: plants, some algae, and certain bacteria that capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food b) Producers: organisms that make their own food using sunlight or other ways

12. 3-2 Notes 2. Consumers a) Many organisms do not get energy directly from the environment b) Consumers: organisms that acquire energy from other organisms. c) Types of Consumers • Heterotrophs: organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply • Decomposer: group of heterotrophs that break down organic matter to be used by other organisms as energy

13. 3-2 Notes Part Two • Ecological pyramid • Diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each tropic level in a food chain or food web. • Biomass • Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level. • Food web • Network of complex interaction formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem. • Food Chain • Series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer by eating and being eaten.

14. 3-2 Notes 3. Feeding Relationships a) Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun, to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers) b) Stability exists in an ecosystem because the relationships between producers and consumers connect organisms into feeding networks based on who eats whom (the amounts keep constant!) • Food Web: network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem • Trophic Level: each step or level in energy transfer

16. 3-2 Notes 4. Ecological Pyramids a) An ecological pyramid is a diagram that shows the amounts of energy within each trophic level for a food web b) The Energy Pyramid is most important because it shows the amount of energy available to organisms at each trophic level • Only 10 percent of energy available in one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the nexttrophic level • All other energy, 90%, is lost as heat!!!

17. Ecological Pyramids Pyramid of Numbers Shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level. Biomass Pyramid Represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level. Typically, the greatest biomass is at the base of the pyramid.