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蒲新杰 92642006@cc.ncu.tw

觀測地震學 實習 Exercise of Observation Seismology 1. 識別 P- 和 S- 波 1. Determine P and S wave 2. 地震定位 2. earthquake locating. 蒲新杰 92642006@cc.ncu.edu.tw. 實習 Exercise. Laboratory : S319. Platform : Linux. User/password : GP6049/student62057 Picking : SAC (Seismic Analysis Code).

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蒲新杰 92642006@cc.ncu.tw

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  1. 觀測地震學實習Exerciseof Observation Seismology1. 識別P- 和S-波 1. Determine P and S wave2. 地震定位 2. earthquake locating 蒲新杰 92642006@cc.ncu.edu.tw

  2. 實習 Exercise • Laboratory : S319. • Platform : Linux. • User/password : GP6049/student62057 • Picking : SAC (Seismic Analysis Code). • Location : Hypo 71. • Time : ??

  3. 地震定位-震波訊號Earthquake Locating –Seismic Record • 測站的資訊(地震波訊號) Seismic record of each station 定位程式+速度模型 location program+ velocity structure 震源參數(位置規模) Parameter of hypocenter (location & magnitude) • 單站資料 single station • 多站資料 multiple stations

  4. Surface Introduction to Seismology Peter M. Shearer, 1999

  5. 3-component seismograms I/E 0-4 Space S F I/E 0-4 U/D P

  6. PPK • N: next plot • B: previous plot • X: Zoom in • O: previous plot window (Zoom out) • H: Write picks to HYPO pick file.

  7. 定位程式 Earthquake Locating Program • 1. IRIS • Platform : Windows. • Method : Trial and error. • H.W.: Seismic waveform (CWBSN). • Note : 取Z方向資料, 最多10筆資料. Take data of Z component, no more than ten. 課程流水號(解壓縮密碼)：62060 Course Number (unzip password) :62060 • 2. Hypo71 • Platform : Unix & Windows. • Method : Inversion. • H.W.: Seismic waveform (CWBSN).

  8. Hypo 71 Geiger’s method, 1912 極小化(minimize) ei

  9. input：1. P-and/or S-waves 到時 arrival time. 2. 速度模型和測站坐標. velocity structure and coordinates of earthquake stations. • output：發震時間、震源位置、規模、時間殘差、震源誤差、定位品質等。 hypocenter time, hypocenter location, magnitude, Residual time RMS, standard error of the epicenter in km at Horizontal and Vertical , Quality, ….

  10. 速度模型和測站坐標velocity structure and coordinate of earthquake station

  11. 計算地震規模 (MD)，其經驗公式為： Calculated duration magnitude(MD): MD = -0.87 + 2.0 log + 0.0035 式中為總振動時間（以秒為單位），為測震站到震央的距離（以公里為單位）。 Which : total shaking duration (sec.),  :distance from station to epicenter (km)

  12. Output-file decode

  13. 流程圖Flowchart 挑選初達P和S波 Picking first arrival P and S 觀測波形 Observation waveform 速度模型 、測站坐標 及參數設定 Velocity structure, Station location and Parameters 決定震源位置 及發震時間 Calculated hypocenter location and time Hypo71

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