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Engineering System ENG001 Case study on BRIDGES

Engineering System ENG001 Case study on BRIDGES. Civil Engg . Group TEQIP-II Institutions. Tension. Compression. Session-1. Concepts. Tension - a force which acts to expand or lengthen the thing it is acting on.

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Engineering System ENG001 Case study on BRIDGES

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  1. Engineering System ENG001 Case study on BRIDGES Civil Engg. Group TEQIP-II Institutions

  2. Tension Compression Session-1 Concepts Tension - a force which acts to expand or lengthen the thing it is acting on. Compression - a force which acts to compress or shorten the thing it is acting on.

  3. Session-1 Concepts Bending - When something pushes down on the beam, the beam bends. Its top edge is pushed together, and its bottom edge is pulled apart. Stresses Deflection

  4. Session-2 Concepts Span- the distance between two bridge supports, whether they are columns, towers . Factor of safety Loads L= Length of Bridge

  5. Session-2 Concepts

  6. Session-3 What is a need of Bridges? • A bridge is a structure providing passage over an obstacle without closing the way beneath. The required passage may be for a road, a railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline. The obstacle to be crossed may be a river, a road, railway or a valley. • In other words, bridge is a structure for carrying the road traffic or other moving loads over a depression or obstruction such as channel, road or railway.

  7. Session-3 Historical Background

  8. Session-3 Famous Bridges Millau Viaduct, France: Erasmus Bridge, Rotterdam : 808 m long, 32 m wide & 343 m high Akashi Bridge, Japan : 3911 m long Sutong Bridge, China : 8206 m long

  9. Session-3 Components of Bridges

  10. Components of Bridges A.Foundations VARIOUS TYPE OF FOUNDATIONS • Shallow Foundations • 1. Open foundations : Hard Strata is met at Shallow Depth or depth of foundation is upto 5 to 6 m. • 2. Raft foundations : Foundation Strata is weak having low SBC • Deep Foundations • 1. Pile Foundations: Hard strata is not available at shallow depth and scour depth is considerable. • 2. Well Foundations: Hard strata is not available at shallow depth, scour depth is considerable and foundation is in water (may be river, sea).

  11. Components of Bridges Sinking of Well Foundation Boring of Pile Foundation Casing of Pile Foundation

  12. Components of Bridges B.Substructures • Various Type of Substructures • Abutment • Cantilever wall type RCC • Gravity type PCC • Counter fort type • Spill through type • Box type • Piers • Wall type • Circular type • Semi circular type • Y-shape type • Wing wall / Return wall • Cantilever wall type RCC and PCC • Counter fort type • Box type • RE Wall • Gabion Wall • Toe wall –RCC and PCC type

  13. Components of Bridges B.Substructures • Cross Section of Pier with Pile Foundation • Cross Section of counterfort Abutment

  14. Components of Bridges B.Substructures Wall type Abutment Counterfort type Abutment

  15. Components of Bridges B.Substructures Circular Type Pier Wall type Pier

  16. Components of Bridges C.Superstructures • Earlier practice for Superstructure: • Girders and slab system or Box girders were designed & used • Girders & slabs system was more prominent due to majority bridges being of small / moderate spans. • Emerging design trend for Superstructure is • Long span bridges • Continuous structures • Segmental construction • Cast-in-situ • Pre-cast • Steel / concrete composite constructions • Extra dosed cable stayed structure to bridge longer span with shorter depths • Cable stayed bridges • Suspension bridges

  17. Components of Bridges C.Superstructures Solid Slab type Superstructure Voided Slab type Superstructure

  18. Components of Bridges C.Superstructures RCC Multi-girder slab system PSC Multi-girder slab system

  19. Components of Bridges C.Superstructures PSC Box type Superstructure Steel type of Superstructure

  20. Components of Bridges C.Superstructures Cable Suspension Bow String Girder

  21. Components of Bridges C.Superstructures PSC Box type Superstructure Balance cantilever type Superstructure

  22. Session-4 Classification of Bridges • Bridges may be classified in many ways, as below: • According to the functions as aqueduct (canal or a river), viaduct (road, railway over a valley) pedestrian, highway, railway, road cum rail or a pipeline bridge. • According to material of construction of superstructure as timber, masonry, iron steel, RCC, PSC, composite etc. • According to form of superstructure as slab, girder(T girder, Box girder), truss, arch, cable stayed or suspension bridge. • According to inter-span relations as simple, continuous or cantilever. • According to the road level relative to the highest flood level of the river below, particularly for a highway bridge, as high level or submersible bridge. • According to the length of bridge • Length > 60m major bridges, 60m > Length > 6m minor Bridges, 6 > span Culverts. • According to the anticipated type of service and duration of use as permanent, temporary, military (pontoon, Bailey) bridge.

  23. Classification of Bridges • According to the functions as aqueduct (canal or a river), viaduct (road, railway over a valley), pedestrian, highway, railway, road cum rail or a pipeline bridge. Pedestrian Bridge Canal Bridge Railway Bridge

  24. Classification of Bridges Highway Bridge (Flyover) River Bridge Railway Over Bridge

  25. Classification of Bridges • According to material of construction of superstructure as timber, masonry, iron steel, RCC, PSC, composite etc. RCC Bridge Iron Steel Bridge Masonry Bridge Timber Bridge

  26. Classification of Bridges • According to form of superstructure as slab, girder (T-girder, Box girder), truss, bridge. T Girder Bridge Truss Bridge Slab Bridge Box girder bridge

  27. Classification of Bridges • According to form of superstructure as arch, cable stayed or suspension bridge. Cable Stayed Bridge Arch Bridge Suspension Bridge

  28. Classification of Bridges • According to inter-span relations as simple, continuous or cantilever. Balanced Cantilever Bridge Continuous Girder Bridge

  29. Classification of Bridges • According to the road level relative to the highest flood level of the river below, particularly for a highway bridge, as high level or submersible bridge. High Level Bridge Submersible Bridge

  30. Classification of Bridges • According to the anticipated type of service and duration of use as permanent, temporary, military (pontoon, Bailey) bridge. Temporary Bailey Bridge Pontoon type temporary Bridge Temporary Military Bridge

  31. Session-5 Data Collections for Bridges • Hydraulic data • Site selection • Type of Bridges • Loading (IRC Standards) • Materials • Construction Techniques • Economy • Most Economical Span

  32. Session-6 State-of the Art in Bridges • Takanakanerrows Bridge- Japan • Various failure of bridges in world and India

  33. References • Principles and Practice of Bridge Engineering By S. P. Bindra. Dhanpatrai publication • Bridge Engineering by S. C. Rangwala. Charotar Publication

  34. Thank You

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