Poetry

1. Poetry Types and Devices

2. Types of Poetry

3. Types of Poetry • Ballads • Short, narrative poem (Tells a story) • Two or four lines with a refrain (resolution or summary of the poem) • Epic • Long narrative poem • Celebrates the adventures and achievements of a hero

4. Types of Poetry • Free verse • Content is usually free of traditional rules of writing poetry (no fixed meter or rhyme scheme present) • Sonnet • A poem consisting of 14 lines with Iambic Pentameter with a specific rhyme scheme (ababcdcdefefgg)

5. Types of Poetry • Haiku (or Natural Haiku) • Originated as a Japanese style of poetry • 3 unrhymed lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables • Usually written in present tense and focused on nature • Senryu (or Human Haiku) • Also originated as a Japanese style of poetry • 3 unrhymed lines of 5,7, and 5 syllables • Usually written in present tense but instead of focusing on nature, the senryu focuses on human nature and emotion • Ode • A poem praising a person, place, or thing

6. Types of Poetry (Concluded) • Narrative Poetry • Tells a story • Examples: “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe “Love Story” by Taylor Swift • Emotive Poetry • Heavy emphasis on the writer’s emotions, or trying to play upon the readers’ or listeners’ emotions • Examples: “My Mistress’ Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun” by William Shakespeare “Missing You” by P. Diddy featuring Faith Evans “Someone Like You” by Adele

7. Poetic Devices

8. Poetic Devices • Alliteration – the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words • Example: “I said a hip hop,Hippie to the hippie, The hip, hip a hop, and you don't stop, a rock it” (excerpt from “Rapper’s Delight” by The Sugarhill Gang) • Assonance • The repetition of vowel sounds but not consonant sounds • Consonance • The repetition of consonant sounds but not vowel sounds • Note: Alliteration only occurs at the beginning of neighboring words, whereas Assonance and Consonance can occur anywhere in the word

9. Poetic Devices • Allusion • Brief reference to a person, event, or place which can be either real or made up, or to a work of art. • Example: “Labor day parade, rest in peace Bob Marley, Statue of Liberty, long live the World Trade, Long live the king yo,” (excerpt from “Empire State of Mind” by Jay-Z) • Oxymoron • Two contradictory words together • Examples: Jumbo Shrimp, Icy Hot

10. Poetic Devices • Connotation • When you get the meaning of a word from what was read before and after the word. • Sometimes the connotation of a word can be affected by what was written around it. • Denotation • The literal meaning of a word; the dictionary meaning.

11. Poetic Devices • Hyperbole • An exaggeration or overstatement • Example: I must’ve spent about a million dollars to get my car repaired. • Understatement • a belittlement (making light of something) • Example: (While standing out in a snowstorm) Gosh! It’s a bit chilly today, isn’t it?

12. Poetic Devices • Metaphor and Simile • Metaphor – comparison of two unlike things • Simile – comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as” • Examples: “On a stormy sea of moving emotion (Metaphor) Tossed about I'm like a ship on the ocean (Simile)” (excerpt from “Carry On Wayward Son” by Kansas)

13. Poetic Devices • Imagery • Language that evokes one or all of the five senses • Example: The red apple was crisp and sweet. • Onomatopoeia • A word that imitates the sound it represents • Examples: Bang! Boom! Zap! Splat!

14. Poetic Devices • Meter • Rhythm established by a poem. • Dependent on the number of syllables in a line as well as the way those syllables are accented. (stressed or unstressed) • Rhythm • In poetry, it is a recognizable pulse which gives a distinct beat to a line and also gives it shape.

15. Poetic Devices • Rhyme Scheme • The way in which the words which rhyme at the end of lines in a poem are organized. • Examples: (aabb, abab, ababcdcd) • Internal Rhyme • When two words on the same line rhyme with each other • Example: “Ah, distinctly I remember, it was in the bleak December” (excerpt from “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe)

16. Poetic Devices • Personification • To give human qualities to animals or objects • Example: My car decided to stall yesterday. • Mood • The emotional attitude the writer takes towards the subject • Examples: Sarcastic, Happy, Humorous, Sad, etc.