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600 – 1450: Regional and Transregional Interaction

600 – 1450: Regional and Transregional Interaction. Review with 5 Themes. Environment. Travel Technology Caravan Organization Compass Astrolabe Bigger ships Long distance trade requires knowledge of environment and technology. Viking ships on rivers and sea Arab camel caravans in Sahara

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600 – 1450: Regional and Transregional Interaction

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  1. 600 – 1450:Regional and Transregional Interaction Review with 5 Themes

  2. Environment • Travel Technology • Caravan Organization • Compass • Astrolabe • Bigger ships • Long distance trade requires knowledge of environment and technology. • Viking ships on rivers and sea • Arab camel caravans in Sahara • Central Asia horses

  3. Environment, Cont • Migration • Bantu people spread from central to southern Africa with iron and agriculture • Polynesians to Pacific islands with domestic plants and animals • Disease spread on trade routes • “Black Death” from Asia to Europe • Food spreads • Ex: Bananas from SE Asia to Africa

  4. Culture • Diffusion of languages • Bantu people spread Swahili • Turkic & Arabic around SW Asia • New Religion: Islam • Influences: Judaism, Christianity, Zoroastrian • Expands by trade and war in Asia, Africa, Europe

  5. Culture, Cont • Writings by international travelers spread knowledge • Europe: Marco Polo to China and back • Africa: Ibn Battuta to Mecca • Conflict diffused technology • Crusades: Islam to Europe • Mongols: conquer from East Asia to East Europe

  6. Culture, Cont • Cross-cultural diffusion of literature, art, traditions • Hindu and Buddhism, India to SE Asia • Greek and Indian math to Muslims • Chinese paper and gunpowder to Muslims

  7. Organizations • States support growing trade • China: Grand Canal, paper money • Trading organizations • Hanseatic League in Europe • Expanding Empires • China • Byzantine (was the East Roman Empire) • Islamic Caliphates • Mongols (Genghis Khan!)

  8. Organizations, Cont • Old Empires collapsed, replaced by new • Roman -> West collapsed, East=Byzantine • Kept from old: religion, patriarchy • Try new: adjust religion, new tax methods • New States • Islamic • Mongols • Aztecs, Maya • Feudalism in Japan and Europe

  9. Economics • The 4 big trade routes flourish (SR, ION, SC, Med Sea), spawn trade cities. • Africa: Timbuktu • Asia: Melaka • Europe: Venice • Mexico: Tenochtitlan • New forms of money and credit • Banks • checks

  10. Econ, cont • Increased agricultural production because of technology • Aztec chinampas • Terrace farming in Asia and South America • Horse collar • China, Persia and India increase production of luxury cloth and porcelain for export

  11. Social • Increased demand for luxury goods • Silk and cotton cloth • Porcelain • Spices • Urban decline, causes: • Invasions • Disease • Agricultural problems • The “Little Ice Age”

  12. Social, Cont • Urban revival, caused by: • End of invasions • Safe and reliable transport • Year 800-1300 warming climate • Agricultural increase • Available labor

  13. Social, cont • Labor organization • Free peasants • Nomadic Pastoralist • Craft guilds • Unfree labor: serfs and slaves, labor tax • Military draft • Improvements for women in Mongolia, West Africa, Japan SE Asia

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