Afghan National Army (ANA) Logistics Processes

1. Afghan National Army (ANA) Logistics Processes

2. ANA Logistics History • No logistics system in place prior to the start of OEF • Pre 1990, Afghans used the Soviet “Push” logistics system • The Soviet system gave the ANSF a “hoarding” mentality Current ANA Logistics • Soldiers are not accustomed to requesting items • It’s a challenge for the ANA to plan ahead for what they will need • Logistics is one of the most difficult challenges within the ANA • All ANA Logistics are based upon the ANA Decrees. These documents provide the guidelines from which the ANA should be performing their duties. Advisors must FIRST and FOREMOST know and understand these documents before attempting to advise their Afghan on ANYTHING!

3. Key Takeaways • We must train the Afghan National Army (ANA) to do the best they can with what they have • Leverage Afghan Strengths (paper records) • Understanding and reinforcing existing Logistics Policy and Doctrine is essential to mission success • Optimize existing systems • Work through Afghans to simplify systems • Build an enduring legacy for post 2014 success • Build muscle memory • Afghans must track requisitions and conduct reconciliation • The ANA supply systems have yet to be fully stocked with materiel • ANA ASLS approved by GS/G4 Summer 12

4. What to expect • Some ANA will not do anything unless directed to do so by their boss • We are advisors but do not have control over what the Afghan National Army actually do • Many of the ANA logistics troops have limited skill training • What you can do • You don’t have control over who you are advising but you do have other advisors who work with their boss • Stay positive and professional while advising; use your chain of command to aid in getting the higher ranking ANA to dictate action • Many times they understand you’re trying to help but are scared to act without direction from higher

5. Overview • ANA Advisor Support Chain • Afghan Logistics History/Current • ANA Decrees • Tashkil • ANA Supply System • ANA Supply Process • ANA Supply Process • ANA Fuel Procurement Process • ANA Distribution Process • ANA Maintenance Process • Key Issue Areas • Weapons/Equipment Accountability • Property Book • Corruption Reporting • Building Stewardship

6. ASNF Advisor Support Chain DCOM SPO Log Training Advisor Teams are located in each RSC All the National Logistics Nodes are covered by RSC Capital ISAF 1 TSC IJC NTM-A Info & Spt RSC-E RSC-N RSC- CAP RSC-W RSC-S RSC-SW JSC-A RC-E RC-N RC-W RC-S RC-SW RC-CAP

7. New ANA Logistics Structure (SY1390) STRATEGIC NATIONAL Minister of Defense AMoD AT & L Acquisition Agency Chief of General Staff CWS Depot 0 Depot 1 GSG4 Depot 2 Logistics Command CMA Air Force Depot OPERATIONAL REGIONAL Ground Forces Command Army Support Command Aviation Specific Items Regional Logistics Support Commands x6 Corps x6 Brigades x22 SOF Wings and Detachments RMTC Hospitals TACTICAL CSSK x22 Headquarters Company Medical Company Transportation Company Maintenance & Supply Co Communications Company CDO SF Teams

8. Afghan Requisition Routing Chain Ministry of Defense (MoD) Material Management Center (MMC) Army Support Command (ASC) Regional Logistics Support Center (RLSC) Combat Service Support Kandak (CSSK) Kandak

9. MoI/ MoD Cross Service Agreement This agreement is a starting point

10. MoI/ANP RLC and MoD/ANA RLSC Locations RLSC East MeS RLC MeS RLC KonduzPlanned RLC Kabul Planned Konduz MeS RLC Herat RLSC East Gamberi NLC Kabul, Wardak Planned 2012 Jalalabad Herat RLSC West Kabul D Gardez RLC Jalalabad Planned Shindad Khowst RLSC Center Gardez Farah RLSC South Kandahar RLC Gardez KANDAHAR Qalat Lashkar Gar RLC Kandahar RLSC SW Camp Shorabak MSP LashkarGah UNCLASSIFIED

11. Current ANA Decrees • ANA decrees • 4.0 - Supported and Supporting Unit Logistics Policy and Support Procedures • 4.1- Transportation Management Policy and Procedures • 4.2- Materiel Accountability Policy and Procedures • 4.3- Wear and Appearance of the Army Uniforms and Insignia • 4.4- Food Service • 4.5- Ammunition and Explosive Operations Policy and Support Procedures • 4.6- Petroleum, Oil and Lubricant (POL) Section Organization, Responsibilities and Procedures • 4.9- Maintenance Management Policy and Procedures • 4.9.1 Aviation Maintenance Policy and Procedures • Decree/Policy inputs are always welcomed and encouraged to improve the ANSF logistics systems You must understand the doctrine in order to make the system work

12. Challenges with Afghan Doctrine and Policy • Advisors either do not understand Afghan logistics doctrine and/or have not ensured that they and their mentee are on the same level of understanding • The Afghans read it as a literal document (if not stated it’s prohibited) • Fielding officers need to read and understand MoD/MoI Decrees • The ANA should have a more active role in logistical processes (sustainment/fielding ops, distribution and operations) • Illiterate Afghan leaders • Updating Policy and Doctrine is a slow process • Decree 4 is averaging 1 Chapter per month

13. So What • Existing policy and decrees are sound in principle and leverage Afghan strengths • Ministry of Defense (MOD) have systems in place to review and update the logistics decrees • Understanding and reinforcing the existing decrees is essential to long term Afghan success • Afghans have developed a dependent attitude based on coalition workarounds

14. ANA Tashkil • The Tashkil details all the authorizations for a particular unit to include both personnel and equipment • Number and types of weapons/vehicles etc authorized • Number of personnel by position and rank • Amount and types of accountable items authorized • * Prior to requesting supplies consult the Tashkil for allowable allocation • If the unit is short of authorized amounts they can order • If the unit needs more than the Tashkil allows, you can help by advising on letters of justification and/or working to adjust the Tashkil So What: Tashkil changes are a zero sum game - ANA end strength is 195k You must understand what the unit is supposed to have, what they do have in order to help them get what they need

16. The ANA Supply System is composed of 3 main parts: Requisitioning: Afghans must be able to get the right items to the policemen/soldiers “Pushed” Items – initial fielding of units and items for shoot, move and communicate (Class VII) are supplied from CSTC-A using the fielding generation process also known as the “push” system. “Pulled” Items – items needed for sustaining operations are “pulled” using the sustainment process Tracking: Afghans must be able to account for what we have ordered and received Accounting : Afghans must be able to account for what items the unit has All 3 Parts must be Used Together for System to Work

17. Form 14 Challenges • Afghans do not believe the supply system can fill their requests • This is driven by the lack of supplies in the system • MoD 14s are often incomplete or incorrect • NTM-A is working to establish and stock the unit Authorized Stockage List (ASL) and Prioritized Load Listing (PLL) • NON ASL items are not clearly understood by the requestor or the supply unit • Commanders at each echelon insert themselves into the process • Afghans have yet to establish commodity allocation tables • Limited feed back on why Form 14 was rejected • Coalition advisors bypass or track the Form 14 • Afghans and advisors struggle to reconcile the MoD Form 4 and what they receive on the MoD Form 9

18. ANA Supply Process

19. ANA Classes of Supply Class I Subsistence – food, water, field rations Class II General Supplies – uniforms, tents, tools Class III* Petroleum, Oil & Lubricants – fuel, firewood Class IV Construction & Barrier Material – sand bags, C-wire Class V Ammunition & Explosives – bullets, grenades Class VI Personal Necessity Items – soap, razors, toothpaste Class VII Major End Items – vehicles, weapons, radios Class VIII Medical Supplies & Equipment – syringes, medicine Class IX** Repair Parts – weapons/vehicle/comm parts Class X Other Items Grade Items – bulldozers, graders * Fuel Provided by bulk contract **Contractors supply parts

20. Key ANA Logistics Forms • MoDForm 1687 Delegation of Authority • MoDForm 14 Request for Issue and turn-in • *This is the starting point for the entire supply system • MoDForm 4 Register of Supply Transactions • MoD Form 9 Material Item Issue Order • MoD Form 1288 Due Out Log • MoD Form 1289 Due In Log • MoDForm 1384 Transportation Control and Movement Document (i.e. a request for transportation) • MoD Form 50 Transportation Movement Request • MoD Form 52 Convoy Departure Report • MoDForm 84 Transportation Discrepancy Report

21. MOISAC Example

22. Solar and Chronological Dates

23. ANA Supply Process

24. Classes of Supply Class I Subsistence – food, water, field rations Class II General Supplies – uniforms, tents, tools Class III Petroleum, Oil & Lubricants – fuel, firewood Class IV Construction & Barrier Material – sand bags, C-wire Class V Ammunition & Explosives – bullets, grenades Class VI Personal Necessity Items – soap, razors, toothpaste Class VII Major End Items – vehicles, weapons, radios Class VIII Medical Supplies & Equipment – syringes, medicine Class IX Repair Parts – weapons/vehicle/comm parts Class X Non ANP/ANA Grade Items – bulldozers, graders

25. MOD 14 Process Minimum Three signatures if the CSSK can fill the MOD 14. Decree 4 states maximum of 7 signatures on the MOD 14. Current record is 27 signatures! Receives requirements from MMC and coordinates procurement ATL Nat’l Depots ILF/ NLC Trans Bde CMA ASC SPO receives info copy MMC ASC SPO In the event a MOD 14 is rejected, it is supposed to be returned to the unit with an explanation of why it was rejected. This is not working very well. RLSC Item Manager Signs MOD 14 Forwards release order to CSD 1. CSD stages material then submits MoD1384 to MMC prior to convoy schedule 1384 deadline 2. MMC prioritizes/programs movement via the MoD 50 to CMA 3. CMA loads staged material from CSD and delivers to 6 regional FSDs Corps G4 RLSC SPO signs and issues or forwards MOD 14 Corps G4 Approves (After commodity manager approves and signs) Bde S4 approves & signs MOD 14 and forwards to CSSK BDE G4 CSSK S4 approves MOD 14 issues materiel or forwards to CSSK Challenge is the lack of materiel in the supply system. CLIX and IIIP This process applies to CL I, II, IIIB, VI, and CL IX. CL VII fielding and backfills issued using push letters. CL VIII MOD 14 flow from BDE to Surgeon general in Kabul and issued at the CL VIII Depot Kandak CDR Approves and Signs MOD 14 Kandak S4 CSSK Coy MoD 14 Flow Equipment and MoD 9 Flow Coy CDR Approves and signs MOD 14

26. MoD Form 14 Common Errors Incorrect Solar Date Incorrect Solar Chronological Date Missing Part Number Vague or incorrect description

27. Example of Pictocatalogue

28. What if a request cannot be filled? • Any time an order is killed (lack of items or command decision) the MoD Form 14 should be returned with an explanation of why it was denied (This almost never occurs). • When the request on a Form 14 is denied there is an important decision to be made • Is the request something that is vital to the mission and survivability? • If the answer is “NO”…then you explain to the mentee and drive on • If the answer is “YES”…you will need to obtain copies of the denied Form 14’s and help maneuver up through the Afghan system with an Afghan Concept Plan (operational justification). • If request is denied again, re-evaluate • Is the request something that is vital to the mission and survivability? If yes, at this time consider addressing through Coalition Chain. • CSTC-A may advise MoD logistics teams to reconsider • FMS channels may be considered.

29. So What • The ANA and ANP supply processes are similar • Key to success is understanding what right looks like on your requisitions • “Has your Afghan called the next echelon” to track the requisition? • Coercive Reinforcement • Must train the Afghans to track requisitions

30. ANA Distribution

31. Challenges and Forms • ANA distribution is focused on fielding, sustainment and retrograde materiel (note: CMA is designed for sustainment operations and is often overwhelmed with requests beyond it’s capacity) • The CMA movement program pushes regionally to Kandahar, Helmand, Heart, Mez, Gardez, J-bad once a month as well as myriad local movements in support of CFC fielding , FMS movements, Class III deliveries, etc. • The ANA are short personnel and struggle to license tractor trailer operators (note: only total of 50 driving slots available to all ANSF at Logistics Driving School every 60 days) • Forms1347 and 9 are not available on delivery • Units do not believe the transportation discrepancy report MoDForm 1384 Transportation Control & Movement Document MoD Form50 Transportation Movement Request MoD Form52 Convoy Departure Report MoDForm 84 Shipping Discrepancy Report

32. Time Distance Slide Konduz MeS RLSC North RLC MeS 15-17 hours +/- From Kabul RLSC Center RLC Nangahar (P) 4 hours +/- From Kabul RLSC West RLC Herat 10-12 hours +/- From RC S/SW Jalalabad Herat Kabul D RLSC East RLC Gardez 4 hours +/- From Kabul Gardez Shindad Khowst Farah KANDAHAR Qalat RLSC SW RLC Lashkar Gar 5-7 hours +/- From RC S RLSC SW RLC Kandahar 11-13 hours +/- From Kabul Lashkar Gar UNCLASSIFIED

33. ANA Distribution Process Start s C LCMCs Shipped FMS Ships Air or M Cases Via Surface or Air Ground ? C L Ground LOC Receives FMS Reports for Air Air LOC Contract Air / Shipped FMS Receives FMS No Ground Receives Cases . Reports for Equipment Ground Shipped FMS Cases No Receives Flight Updates With C Detailed Inventory A A Flight Arrives . Yes N Pallets Uploaded A Can ANAAC Can CMA to Awaiting / Yes Support ? Support ? A Transport to M Depots C Air Receives MoD Form RLSC 14 Requirement . / NSD Receives & NSD / RLSC Generates D RLSC CSSK or Inventories Shipment Receives Materiel Ground S MoD Forms 9 & 1384 Unit N ? Stop Receives MoD Unit Forms 9 & 1384 Requirement . Determines Mode Generates Retrograde of Shipment ? MMC MoD Form 1384 CLB / CSSK Unit Receives t Create / Submit a Unit has Requirement . i CLB / CSSK n From FSD Valid MoD Form Unit has Valid Submits MoD Form 14 U Delivers Materiel Stop 50 , 50 - 1 , 1384 Retrograde Asset to Unit Start Stop Start DCOM SPO DISTRIBUTION Receives MoD Form 50 From MMC authorizing Truck dispatch to CSDs

34. ANA Force Generation

35. ANA Force Generation Process L Receives the MFP T A & Validates MODDAC ATL Sends MFP to MMC MMC Maintains Commodity MoD Form 1298 / MMC Notifies Commodity Director Validates Can the Depot 1299 For Items That Commodity No Manager Identifies On - Hand Quantity Fill the Item ? Cannot Be Filled MMC Director the Due - In in CoreIMS EE Processes Force Reviews the Generation Letter & DCOM –A G4 MOD GS/G4 Generation Letters & Generates a Material Unit Equipment On - Fielding Plan ( MFP ) Hand s t n e m e Publish Force Generation DCOM –A G4 r i Letters Based on ANNEX K u q Yes e Start R Pull Stock t Create from MFP & Produce MoD o Receive MFP Transportation p Stock Arrives at Update Form 9 from MMC e Pallets for Depot & Loaded Into CoreIMS EE D Requested Stock CoreIMS EE Start Load on CMA Convoy or Local Unit Picks Up From Depot t i n Request U Transportation Unit Receives Assets on MoD Requested Stock Form 1384 Stop

36. Fielding v. Backfill • Priorities of Growth in the ANA • Afghan National Army Training Command (ANATC) • Includes: Central Fielding Center (CFC), Kabul Military Training Center (KMTC), Regional Military Training Centers (RMTC), Branch Schools, and Professional Military Education • 205d Corps • 215d Corps • 203d Corps • 201st Corps • 209th Corps • 207th Corps • 111th Division • Fielding tends to overwhelm the CMA as they are designed for sustainment operations. (see note section) • ANA units receive all material on hand during initial fielding • Backfills – shoot move communicate items are pushed from the Kabul using a push letter (ANA) • “Other” items are requisitioned using the MoD 14

37. Fielding v. Backfill • Fielding tends to overwhelm the CMA • ANP and ANA units receive all material on hand during initial fielding • Backfills – shoot move communicate items are pushed from the Kabul using a push letter (ANA) or Move / Shoot order (ANP) • “Other” items are requisitioned using the MoI MoD 14

38. ANA Fuel Procurement Process

39. Fuel Forms • MoDForm 1687 Delegation of Authority • MoDForm 14 Request for Issue and turn-in • This is the starting point for the entire supply system • MoD Form 32 Fuel Consumption Report (Monthly) • MoD Form 1237 Tank Report • MoD Form 68 Generator Consumption Report (Daily)

40. ANA Fuel Process Fuel Purchased Directly DCOM SPO from Vendor and Delivered to Unit No ( Future MMC Function) I I t I o s p s e a D Fuel Available ? l C Approved Validates Fuel Decision / Sign Off Allocation & Sends Yes Rejected MMC on MoD Form 14 Down to Unit & No Validates MoD L 4 & Form 32 & Creates G T / Monthly Fuel S A Allocation G Receives fuel from Depot ( Pickup or RLSC Fuel Available ? Delivered ) & Yes Distributed to the CSSK Yes No Receives fuel from No K RLSC ( Pickup or S Is Requesting Unit Fuel Available ? Delivered ) & S Outside Kabul ? C Distributed to the Unit Yes Unit initiates a MoD Form 32 Consumption Report & t Initiate MoD Form i Forecasts at the End of Month n 14 for Required Unit Receives Fuel U Fuel Request Fuel Start Unit Receives Stop Monthly Fuel Start Allocation Stop

41. Generator Registration 101 • When a unit receives a new generator, fuel consumption rates for the generator must be established. • Class III Fuels will send a one-time shipment of fuel to help the unit establish a fuel consumption norm for the generator. A three person team (consisting of a member from the Power Department, the Unit's Technical Officer, and the Ministry of Public Beneficiary) will run the generator several times a day for several hours over a several day period to establish the fuel consumption norm. • The unit is then required to provide an MOI/MOD Form 68, Generator Fuel Consumption Report for each generator. • The MOD Form 32, Fuel Monthly Consumption Report is then used to consolidate all fuel consumption reports.

42. So What • Fuel accountability depends on advisors training their Afghan units to use the existing processes • Forecasting is non existent • Understanding the requisition process is crucial to sustaining the ANA • ANA Decree 4.0 and 4.6 cover fuel

43. ANSF Maintenance Process

44. ANA Maintenance • Vehicle Maintenance is handled on a contract with AISS for the ANA • Contracted to repair vehicles and teach the ANA maintenance procedures • Weapons maintenance is handled on a contract with Alpha Omega Systems (AOS) for the ANA • AOS is contracted to repair weapons and teach the ANA maintenance procedures

45. Maintenance Forms • MoDForm 1687 Delegation of Authority • MoDForm 14 Request for Issue and turn-in • This is the starting point for the entire supply system • MoDForm 2404 Maintenance Record • MoD Form 4697 Material Investigation • MoD Form 63 Request for Repair • MoD Form 64 Request for Disposal

46. ANA Maintenance BLUF • ANA maintenance process and knowledge is progressing. Literacy is the biggest issue when filling out maintenance forms and looking in technical manuals. • Lack of parts is the biggest maintenance issue. • Retrograde process for recoverables to the CWS is hampered by the ANAs unwillingness to release control of any parts, even unserviceables. • ECOD process is hampered by fuel allocations. Allocations are made by vehicle density reported by the Corps. If they turn this vehicle in, they will no longer receive that fuel allocation. • Every Thursday the ANA are supposed to conduct Command Maintenance by decree. • Drivers training and discipline are a large issue with vehicle accidents. There are piles of trucks that have been wrecked because of this. • Know the decrees and mentor off of them. ANSF do not need to know the US system. Teach them their own system.

47. ANA Maintenance and Supply (CL IX/IIIP) Flow (Policy & Process) Supply Flow LOG CMD MMC Supply Request National (STRATEGIC) Maintenance Flow Organic Maintenance Depot CWS CoreIMS Future Webmanage System ASC 1566 Personnel ANA Activity RLSC General 36 Hours (OPERATIONAL) Prescribe Load List (PLL) Authorized Stockage Level (ASL) FSD ASL – 3843 Lines GSG4 Approved 8 FEB 11 CLK PLL – 300 Lines CDR Auth 30-50 Mechanics 5th CSSK HQ Coy Maint Coy Organizational 24 Hours (TACTICAL) Support Plt ASL - 170 Lines GSG4 Approved 8 FEB 11 Maint Plt PLL - 150 Lines CDR Auth 30 - 41 Mechanics 1stKandakPLL - 150 Lines CDR Auth 2ndKandakPLL - 150 Lines CDR Auth 3rdKandakPLL - 150 Lines CDR Auth 4thCSK PLL - 150 Lines CDR Auth 6thKandakPLL - 150 Lines CDR Auth Organizational 12 Hours Repair 8-12 Mechanics 8-12 Mechanics 8-12 Mechanics 8-12 Mechanics 8-12 Mechanics Last Updated: 20 JAN 12 POC: MRB, 237-1208

48. RLSCs/DLB and AISS EMS • ANA personnel (CLK Coy mechanics) works within the Contracted • equipment maintenance site – Afghan Integrated Support Services • Phase 1 - Occupy • Signed MOA with ANA RLSC CDR and RSC CDR • Designated maintenance building or bays • ANA use own tools, identify PLL • EMS will assign a Contact Team • Begin with Organizational (24 hours) maintenance • 201, 203, 215, 111th Corps and CMA executing. 205th, 207th, and 209th not ready yet • Phase 2 - Mentor • Abbreviated Advisor Mentor Team A-AMT – Pending COA decision (Supply) • A-AMT assigned to ANA Maintenance Leader sand Supply Personnel (Mentor General Level maintenance, fill PLL) • Mobil Training Team from RMAsia will train CLK Mechanics • All CLKs are transitioned to ANA led by December 2013 • Phase 3 - Transition • RSC assess CLK capabilities • Measure ANA performance to reduce contracted maintenance Task # 12-01-171

49. Destroyed Item Condemnation If a property book item is destroyed: • Use Form 4697 (Material Investigation) • Accountable officer/hand receipt holder initiates • AISS or Alpha Omega will validate w/ supporting documentation as applicable • Investigation should take no longer than 75 days • RLC/RLSC should coordinate transport of items to CWS • Item must be removed from property book at national level before new requisition will be approved • Request new item on MOD Form 14

50. ANA ECOD Actions - Maintenance Supporting CSSK Corps G4 Support CLK (Final Code Out Authority) Supported unit prepares MOD Form 4697 Material Investigation MOD Form 63 Request for Repair MOD Form 50 Transportation Request MOD Form 4697 Material Investigation MOD Form 63 Request for Repair MOD Form 4697 Material Investigation MOD Form 63 Request for Repair MOD Form 4697 Material Investigation MOD Form 63 Request for Repair MOD Form 50 Transportation Request • Conduct Technical Inspection • Complete Initial prep, investigation, documentation Form 4697 • Prepare MOD 50 requesting evacuation of equipment and documentation to CLK (EMS) • Review ECOD and recommended distribution of parts list • Approve or Disapprove ECOD and distribution list • Authorize CLK shop office to cannibalize parts with long Equipment Delivery Date • Approve/Disapprove start of code out procedures • Direct owning unit in writing to begin removal from property book IAW MOD Decree 4.2 • Prepare forms • Request to evac damaged/non reparable technical equipment • Complete final ECOD Procedures • Obtain approval by CLK Cdr or designated rep • Place material or equipment in Category 5 • Prepare Recommended parts distribution list • Forward approved ECOD, recommended parts distribution list to Corps G4 or his designated rep Pictures Required COMPLETE FORMS/ Identify Serviceable Usable parts MOD Form 64 Disposal Form VIN or Serial # Corps will establish Cannibalization Collection Point/ Managed by CLK Last Updated: 29 Aug 11 POC: CW5 Hetrick, CJ4, 237-9838 UNCLASSIFIED//REL NATO/ISAF