Safe Food, Fair Food

1. Safe Food, Fair Food risk-based approaches to improving food safety and market access in informal markets in sub Saharan Africa here Name presenter(s) International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Place and date, 2012

2. Outline Background Approach Safe Food, Fair Food 1 (2008-2011) Safe Food, Fair Food 2 (2012-2015)

3. Background Milk, meat and fish (MMF) are crucial to nutrition and livelihoods of the poor In SSA, more than 80% of animal sourced foods are marketed informally Small-scale producers dominate informal markets

4. Background By „informal markets“ we mean markets Where many actors are not licensed and do not pay taxes Where traditional processing, products and retail prices predominate Which escape effective health and safety regulation

5. Background

6. Background: Food safety in sub-Saharan Africa At least 2 billion cases of diarrhoea worldwide per year (up to 90% attributed to food) 1.5 million children under 5 die because of diarrheal diseases (80% in South Asia and Africa) Animal source foods are single most important source of foodborne disease (FBD) FBD other than diarrhoea: brucellosis, tuberculosis, cancer, epilepsy…

7. Background:Challenges at policy level Current food safety management seems to be neither effective nor efficient Tendency to adopt international food quality standards and hazard-based regulations without considering local contexts Consumers are scared by “half-truths”

8. Background:But how to deal with informal markets? Ban or improve and promote? Zero-risk policy (“If in doubt, keep it out”)? Is there an acceptable level of risk? How can participation help improve food safety?

9. Approach: risk analysis or risk-based decision making Clear distinction between risk and hazard! • Hazard = anything that causes harm • Risk = probability + consequences Risk analysis: structured approach for evaluating and dealing with risks

10. Approach: risk analysis or risk-based decision making Risk Management Risk Assessment Risk Communication Codex alimentarius commission

11. Approach: risk analysis or risk-based decision making Risk Communication Interactive exchange of information and opinions concerning risks Risk Management Policy-based Risk Assessment Science-based World Health Organization

12. Approach: risk analysis or risk-based decision making Safe Food, Fair Food Risk Communication Cost-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Risk Management Option assessment Implementation Monitoring & review Risk Assessment Hazard identification Hazard characterization Exposure assessment Risk characterization Comparative Risk Assessment Risk Assessment Policy Equity Participation Trans-disciplinary

13. Approach: risk analysis or risk-based decision making Can it be present in food? Can it cause harm? Hazard identification What harm does it cause? How does harm depend on dose? How and to what extent does it get from source to victim? Hazard characterization Exposure assessment What is the harm? What is its likelihood? Participatory methods fit well Risk characterization Risk communication

14. 25 proof of concept studies in 8 countries Ethiopia Côte d’Ivoire, Mali Kenya Tanzania Ghana Mozambique South Africa

15. Key messages 1: Informal markets form integral part of African economies Although hazards are often common in informal markets, risk to human health is not necessarily high As value chains become longer, more complex, the risk of foodborne disease increases Risks in the informal food chains have been under-researched and need attention Most vulnerable are the poor (sex/age)

16. Key messages 1: Participatory methods are useful in studying food safety risks in informal food chains Advantages: speed, affordability, flexibility in application, understanding of culture, best control option, potential to change behavior Food safety needs multi-sectoral approach Regulations to guide food safety are fragmented, some issues covered by multiple institutions, others neglected Regulations are developed without adequate consultation of the relevant stakeholders

17. Key messages 3: Surveillance and reporting of food borne diseases is inadequate and the risks need attention Risks vary and may not be as serious as perceived: food safety policy should be based on evidence not perceptions Simple interventions could lead to substantial improvements: potable water, electricity, training, standards, appropriate hygienic supervision etc. Food safety policies are prerequisites for a coordinated assurance of food safety

18. Safe Food Fair Food 2

19. Safe Food Fair Food 2

20. Safe Food Fair Food 2 3 main components: Multi-pathogen assessment and economic assessment in 5 value chains Best-bet interventions piloted Engagement with Regional Economic Communities (RECs) • Communicate evidence to policy makers • Advocacy for informal markets • Include participatory risk analysis to training curricula

21. More information: “First name, last name” “Role in SFFF” “Affiliation” “Email” https://safefoodfairfood.wordpress.com/ www.ilri.org

22. Acknowledgements • Addis Ababa University (AAU), Ethiopia • Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique (IIAM) • Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) • Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS) • Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Switzerland • Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany (BfR) • Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Germany • German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) • German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) • International Foundation for Science (IFS), Sweden • Italian Embassy • Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology • National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa • Programme d’Appui Stratégique à la Recherche Scientifique en Côte d’Ivoire (PASRES)/ Fonds Ivoiro-Suisse de Développement Economique et Social (FISDES) • Promotion of Private Sector Development (PSDA/GIZ) • Rakuno Gakuen University (RGU), Japan • Royal Veterinar College (RVC), UK • Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania • University of Ghana (UoG), Ghana • University of Hohenheim (UoH), Germany • University of Nairobi (UoN), Kenya • University of Pretoria (UoP), South Africa