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Current Status & Future Challenges for Large Scale Cryogenic Systems in Scientific Laboratories

Current Status & Future Challenges for Large Scale Cryogenic Systems in Scientific Laboratories. J. G. Weisend II European Spallation Source November 2014. Outline. Introduction A Snapshot Facilities in Operation Facilities in Construction, Design or Proposed Trends Challenges Summary.

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Current Status & Future Challenges for Large Scale Cryogenic Systems in Scientific Laboratories

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  1. Current Status & Future Challenges for Large Scale Cryogenic Systems in Scientific Laboratories J. G. Weisend II European Spallation Source November 2014

  2. Outline Introduction A Snapshot Facilities in Operation Facilities in Construction, Design or Proposed Trends Challenges Summary CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  3. Introduction Since the first CryoOps Workshop (Jlab 2004) there have been many changes in the use of large scale cryogenics in scientific laboratories. These changes include: Projects have ended: Tevatron, HERA, PEPII/BaBar Projects have moved into operations: LHC, KSTAR, SNS, Jlab 12GeV,EAST Projects have moved closer to completion: ITER, XFEL Projects have started: ESS, LCLS II, FRIB, CSNS, BERLinPro, JT60-SA, RISP Overall, the use of cryogenics in scientific labs has grown and diversified with more institutions & countries becoming involved This is shown by the growth of attendance at this workshop – from roughly 35 in 2004 to close to 100 today The goal of this talk is to show where we are, predict where we are going and discuss challenges for the future It’s indicative of the activity of this field that I will start by apologizing to projects that I may inadvertently overlook. CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  4. Operating Facilities I CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  5. Operating Facilities II CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  6. Operating Facilities III CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  7. JSNS LH2 Moderator Systemsimilar or larger systems will be needed for ESS and CSNS From: H. Takasumoto et al. Adv. Cryo Engr. Vol. 59A (2014) CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  8. Cryogenics for ATLAS argon calorimeters Courtesy C. Fabre CERN Temperatureuniformity < 0.3 K Temperaturestability < 0.02 K Argon puritybetween 0.1 and 0.3 ppm O2equivalent Operation 365/365

  9. ATLAS cryogenic refrigeration He Shield Refrigerator20 kW 40 - 80 K He Main Refrigerator 6 kW @ 4.5 K Nitrogen Refrigerator 20 kW @ 84 K Courtesy P. Lebrun CERN

  10. Layout of KSTAR Cryoplant (9 kW @ 4.5 K)from D.-S. Park et al. Cryogenics 52 (2012) CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  11. Future Facilities I CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  12. Future Facilities II CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  13. Future Facilities III CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  14. The Cryogenic System for LCLS II Courtesy: A. Klebaner FNAL Cryogenic Distribution System Scope (excluding cryomodules) L1 L0 L2 L3 A. Klebaner, LCLS-II Director's Review, August 19-21, 2014

  15. For ITER ITER Slides Courtesy E. Monnert ITER CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  16. Courtesy E. Monnert ITER CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  17. Courtesy E. Monnert ITER CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  18. Trends I A broader range of countries and institutions are using large scale cryogenics in science New & expanding facilities in India, China, Korea, Sweden, Belgium, Brazil More institutions in Germany (Darmstadt, Mainz, Berlin) and France (GANIL) and the USA (SLAC) A wider range of temperatures and applications is being seen Dominance of He II in SRF systems TESLA Tech Increased use of LH2 moderators Increasing use of superconductivity in fusion energy research Importance of cryopumping Use of other cryogens in physics: Xenon (EXO), Argon ( calorimetry & dark matter searches) CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  19. Trends II Increased use of international collaborations to carry out the projects: ITER, ESS, FAIR, ILC, IFMIF Use of cryocoolers for closed cycle cooling of large S/C magnets and other instruments : MICE, JPARC and NSCL Presence of large pulsed heat loads e.g.: FAIR, ITER Very large projects will be online in the next 10 years: ITER, FAIR, LCLS II, ESS In summary, the application of large scale cryogenics to scientific research is growing and becoming more diverse CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  20. Challenges While the field is growing, resources remain tight: projects have to meet their design goals within cost and schedule Thus, mistakes must be minimized and the proper use of lessons learned and previous experience is vital Information exchange: How do we share information ( i.e. lessons learned, safety, reliability or use of He II ) among all these facilities? Conferences: ICEC, CEC and of course CryoOps Professional societies: CSA, BCC, Cryogenics & Superconductivity Society of Japan, European Cryogenics Work to increase links between these societies and similar ones in China, Korea, India, Brazil CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  21. Challenges Staffing - How do we develop the talent needed to build and operate this expanding set of facilities? Increased university programs: Birmingham, Oxford and Lund Short Courses (CSA, ICEC, EuroCryo, USPAS, CAS) and webinars Increased secondment of staff at existing facilities: CERN, Fermilab, Jlab etc. for training purposes Note that people are needed at all levels: Scientists, engineers, technicians Project builders and facility operators are not necessarily the same people Reliability: Cryogenic systems have a major impact of facility reliability and availability > 98% is possible but hard – How do we meet these requirements? CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  22. Challenges Helium Usage and Recovery: Despite local transient perturbations world supply appears adequate for now but we are compelled to minimize losses and recover helium LHC losses were ~ 50% per year during startup and now around 25% per year. ESS goal is 10 – 20% in steady state operations. Can we meet this? Can we do better? How do we manage in kind contributions and international collaborations? A number of approaches exist Highly dependent on the specifics of the project; thus probably no single optimum solution Good will of participants is key CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  23. Challenges Energy Usage: In scientific labs, large scale cryogenic systems are significant energy users Both ESS and ITER plan to recover waste heat. How well will this work? Can we do better? Involvement of industry ( e.g. heat exchangers) CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  24. ESS Cryoplant Energy Recovery Compr. motor 25C Middle temperature Return 37C Middle temperature Supply 27C 25C He to fine oil removal 83C 39C High temperature Return 32C 27C Middle temperature Return He from cold box 90C 85C Helium cooler Helium compressor Oil vessel 90C 85C 27C 32C Oil cooler

  25. Summary The use of Large Scale Cryogenic Systems in Scientific Labs has grown and diversified (both in scope & geography) over the past 10 years These systems are a enabling technology in scientific discovery Challenges exist but none are insurmountable Good communications exist between the workers in this field and these need to be nurtured and extended I look forward to seeing everyone at the next CryoOps workshop in 2016 CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

  26. Acknowledgements I would like to thank all my colleagues who provided slides and information for this talk I would also like to thank Dana Arenius and the JLab Team for starting this series of workshops in 2004 CryoOps 2014 - J.G. Weisend II

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