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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. The Time Value of Money. Simple Interest. Interest is earned on principal $100 invested at 6% per year 1 st year interest is $6.00 2 nd year interest is $6.00 3 rd year interest is $6.00 Total interest earned:$18. Compound Interest.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5

  2. The Time Value of Money

  3. Simple Interest • Interest is earned on principal • $100 invested at 6% per year • 1st year interest is $6.00 • 2nd year interest is $6.00 • 3rd year interest is $6.00 • Total interest earned:$18

  4. Compound Interest • Interest is earned on previously earned interest • $100 invested at 6% with annual compounding • 1st year interest is $6.00 Principal is $106 • 2nd year interest is $6.36 Principal is $112.36 • 3rd year interest is $6.74 Principal is $119.11 • Total interest earned: $19.10

  5. Today Future We know that receiving $1 today is worth more than $1 in the future. This is duetoopportunity costs. The opportunity cost of receiving $1 in the future is theinterestwe could have earned if we had received the $1 sooner.

  6. Today Future ? Today Future ? If we can measure this opportunity cost, we can: • Translate $1 today into its equivalent in the future(compounding). • Translate $1 in the future into its equivalent today(discounting).

  7. Future Value

  8. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6%, how much would you have in the account after 1 year? PV = FV = 0 1

  9. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6%, how much would you have in the account after 1 year? Calculator Solution: P/Y = 1 I = 6 N = 1 PV = -100 FV = $106 PV = -100 FV = 106 0 1

  10. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6%, how much would you have in the account after 1 year? Mathematical Solution: FV = PV (1 + i)n FV = 100 (1.06)1 = $106 PV = -100 FV = 106 0 1

  11. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6%, how much would you have in the account after 5 years? Calculator Solution: P/Y = 1 I = 6 N = 5 PV = -100 FV = $133.82 PV = -100 FV = 133.82 0 5

  12. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6%, how much would you have in the account after 5 years? Mathematical Solution: FV = PV (1 + i)n FV = 100 (1.06)5 = $133.82 PV = -100 FV = 133.82 0 5

  13. Future Value - single sums If you deposit $100 in an account earning 6% with quarterly compounding, how much would you have in the account after 5 years?

  14. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6% with quarterly compounding, how much would you have in the account after 5 years? PV = FV = 0 ?

  15. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6% with quarterly compounding, how much would you have in the account after 5 years? Calculator Solution: P/Y = 4 I = 6 N = 20 PV = -100 FV = $134.68 PV = -100 FV = 134.68 0 20

  16. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6% with quarterly compounding, how much would you have in the account after 5 years? Mathematical Solution: FV = PV (1 + i/m) m x n FV = 100 (1.015)20 = $134.68 PV = -100 FV = 134.68 0 20

  17. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6% with monthly compounding, how much would you have in the account after 5 years?

  18. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6% with monthly compounding, how much would you have in the account after 5 years? PV = FV = 0 ?

  19. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6% with monthly compounding, how much would you have in the account after 5 years? Calculator Solution: P/Y = 12 I = 6 N = 60 PV = -100 FV = $134.89 PV = -100 FV = 134.89 0 60

  20. Future Value - single sumsIf you deposit $100 in an account earning 6% with monthly compounding, how much would you have in the account after 5 years? Mathematical Solution: FV = PV (1 + i/m) m x n FV = 100 (1.005)60 = $134.89 PV = -100 FV = 134.89 0 60

  21. Future Value - continuous compoundingWhat is the FV of $1,000 earning 8% with continuous compounding, after 100 years?

  22. Future Value - continuous compoundingWhat is the FV of $1,000 earning 8% with continuous compounding, after 100 years? PV = FV = 0 ?

  23. Present Value

  24. Present Value - single sumsIf you receive $100 one year from now, what is the PV of that $100 if your opportunity cost is 6%? PV = FV = 0 ?

  25. PV = -94.34 FV = 100 0 1 Present Value - single sumsIf you receive $100 one year from now, what is the PV of that $100 if your opportunity cost is 6%? Calculator Solution: P/Y = 1 I = 6 N = 1 FV = 100 PV = -94.34

  26. PV = -94.34 FV = 100 0 1 Present Value - single sumsIf you receive $100 one year from now, what is the PV of that $100 if your opportunity cost is 6%? Mathematical Solution: PV = FV / (1 + i)n PV = 100 / (1.06)1 = $94.34

  27. Present Value - single sumsIf you receive $100 five years from now, what is the PV of that $100 if your opportunity cost is 6%?

  28. Present Value - single sumsIf you receive $100 five years from now, what is the PV of that $100 if your opportunity cost is 6%? PV = FV = 0 ?

  29. PV = -74.73 FV = 100 0 5 Present Value - single sumsIf you receive $100 five years from now, what is the PV of that $100 if your opportunity cost is 6%? Calculator Solution: P/Y = 1 I = 6 N = 5 FV = 100 PV = -74.73

  30. PV = -74.73 FV = 100 0 5 Present Value - single sumsIf you receive $100 five years from now, what is the PV of that $100 if your opportunity cost is 6%? Mathematical Solution: PV = FV / (1 + i)n PV = 100 / (1.06)5 = $74.73

  31. Present Value - single sumsWhat is the PV of $1,000 to be received 15 years from now if your opportunity cost is 7%?

  32. PV = FV = 0 15 Present Value - single sumsWhat is the PV of $1,000 to be received 15 years from now if your opportunity cost is 7%?

  33. PV = -362.45 FV = 1000 0 15 Present Value - single sumsWhat is the PV of $1,000 to be received 15 years from now if your opportunity cost is 7%? Calculator Solution: P/Y = 1 I = 7 N = 15 FV = 1,000 PV = -362.45

  34. PV = -362.45 FV = 1000 0 15 Present Value - single sumsWhat is the PV of $1,000 to be received 15 years from now if your opportunity cost is 7%? Mathematical Solution: PV = FV / (1 + i)n PV = 1000/ (1.07)15 = $362.45

  35. Present Value - single sumsIf you sold land for $11,933 that you bought 5 years ago for $5,000, what is your annual rate of return?

  36. PV = FV = 0 5 Present Value - single sumsIf you sold land for $11,933 that you bought 5 years ago for $5,000, what is your annual rate of return?

  37. PV = -5000 FV = 11,933 0 5 Present Value - single sumsIf you sold land for $11,933 that you bought 5 years ago for $5,000, what is your annual rate of return? Calculator Solution: P/Y = 1 N = 5 PV = -5,000 FV = 11,933 I = 19%

  38. Present Value - single sumsIf you sold land for $11,933 that you bought 5 years ago for $5,000, what is your annual rate of return? Mathematical Solution: PV = FV / (1 + i)n 5,000 = 11,933 / (1+ i)5 .419 = ((1/ (1+i)5) 2.3866 = (1+i)5 (2.3866)1/5 = (1+i) i = .19

  39. Hint for single sum problems: • In every single sum future value and present value problem, there are 4 variables: • FV, PV, i, and n • When doing problems, you will be given 3 of these variables and asked to solve for the 4th variable. • Keeping this in mind makes “time value” problems much easier!

  40. 0 1 2 3 4 The Time Value of Money Compounding and Discounting Cash Flow Streams

  41. Annuities • Annuity: a sequence of equal cash flows, occurring at the end of each period.

  42. 0 1 2 3 4 Annuities • Annuity: a sequence of equal cash flows, occurring at the end of each period.

  43. Examples of Annuities: • If you buy a bond, you will receive equal semi-annual coupon interest payments over the life of the bond. • If you borrow money to buy a house or a car, you will pay a stream of equal payments.

  44. Future Value - annuityIf you invest $1,000 each year at 8%, how much would you have after 3 years?

  45. 0 1 2 3 Future Value - annuityIf you invest $1,000 each year at 8%, how much would you have after 3 years?

  46. 0 1 2 3 Future Value - annuityIf you invest $1,000 each year at 8%, how much would you have after 3 years? Calculator Solution: P/Y = 1 I = 8 N = 3 PMT = -1,000 FV = $3,246.40 1000 1000 1000

  47. Future Value - annuityIf you invest $1,000 each year at 8%, how much would you have after 3 years? Mathematical Solution: FV = PMT (1 + i)n - 1 i FV = 1,000 (1.08)3 - 1 = $3246.40 .08

  48. 0 1 2 3 Present Value - annuityWhat is the PV of $1,000 at the end of each of the next 3 years, if the opportunity cost is 8%?

  49. 0 1 2 3 Present Value - annuityWhat is the PV of $1,000 at the end of each of the next 3 years, if the opportunity cost is 8%? Calculator Solution: P/Y = 1 I = 8 N = 3 PMT = -1,000 PV = $2,577.10 1000 1000 1000

  50. Present Value - annuityWhat is the PV of $1,000 at the end of each of the next 3 years, if the opportunity cost is 8%? Mathematical Solution: 1 PV = PMT 1 - (1 + i)n i 1 PV = 1000 1 - (1.08 )3 = $2,577.10 .08

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