Unit 9 What is intelligence, Anyway?

1. BookⅡ Unit 9 What is intelligence, Anyway? The Third Two Periods Writing and Exercise Designed by Shi Yuan

2. Useful Expressions score high on a test 1. 考试得高分 receive a test 2. 参加测试 make a fuss over / of 3. 大惊小怪 an academic question 学究式的问题 4. be worthy of answers 值得回答 5. make up a test 出试题 6. by my estimate 7. 据我估计 take sth. for granted 8. 想当然 explore the vitals of sth. 9. 检查主要部件 神谕 divine oracles 10.

3. Useful Expressions 11. 口才 verbal talents 12. 强加于我们身上 foist on us 13. 高度赞扬 praise highly 14. 从车下面抬起头 raise one’s head from under a car 15. 做捶打动作 make a hammering motion 16. 挑选 pick out 17. 开怀大笑 laugh heartily 18. 在所有顾客身上试验 try on all customers 19. 确定 for sure 20. 有一定原因或道理 have something there

4. Blank filling: with • Many regional associations are registered the government so that they may promote their common interests together. • He foisted himself them for the weekend. • She turned a deaf ear our warnings and got lost. on to

5. Multiple choices C • ( )1. Do you have any about what living beings on other planets would be like? • A. ideal B. comprehension C. notion D. intelligence • ( ) 2. After the earthquake, the army was called in to help the police maintain order. • A. formal B. normal C. conventional D. regular • ( ) 3. Martin Luther King, the great black leader in the movement against racial discrimination, was the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace. • A. rewarded B. awarded C. conferred D. granted • ( ) 4. Their political action the fall of the government. • A. promoted B. accelerated C. hastened D. advanced • ( ) 5. By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, we can the surroundings. • A. explore B. expose C. exploit D. Expand • ( ) 6. Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an and orderly fashion. • A. intricate B. initial C. internal D. incredible D B B A A

6. D • ( ) 7. It is virtually impossible to the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. • A. appraise B. assess C. evaluate D. estimate • ( ) 8. Needing help with such basics as shopping and housework, and also feeling , she calls the local Elder Skills Band. A nurse-practitioner at the bank makes an initial evaluation of Alice’s condition over the video-phone and dispatches a visiting nurse to make an on-the-scene diagnosis. • A. lonely B. uneasy C. frightened D. comfortable • ( ) 9. She was enough to understand my questions from the gestures I made. • A. proficient B. capable C. intelligent D. diligent • ( ) 10. A big problem in learning English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for interaction with proficient speakers of English. • A. instantaneous B. provocative C. verbal D. dual • ( ) 11. Louis Herman, at the University of Hawaii, has a series of new experiments in which some animals have learned to understand sentences, • A. installed B. equipped C. devised D. formatted • ( ) 12. The shepherd gave the sheep a close . • A. scissor B. clip C. cut D. clips A C C C B

7. Translation • 1. 一切都表明他的计划出了毛病。 • Everything indicates that something has gone wrong with his plan. • 2.作者认为，我们不应想当然地以为那些智力测验得分高的人在实际工作中就一定能干得好。 • The author thinks that we should not take it for granted that those who score high on intelligence tests will certainly do well in practical work.

8. 3.我挑出几条英语成语(idiom),考了一下我的同班同学.  • I singled out a few English idioms to test my classmates. • 4.三位教授被请来对新教员设计的教案做出评估. • Three professors were invited to design the curriculum for new teachers assess.

9. 5.这对我们来说是个很小的损失,不要大惊小怪. • This is but just a small loss to us. Don't make a fuss over it. • 6.他比任何对手的得分都高很多,证明他不愧为一个胜利者. • He scored far more than any of his opponents, which proved him a worthy winner.

10. 7.这两只动物外貌很相似，但它们属于不同的种类7.这两只动物外貌很相似，但它们属于不同的种类 • The two animals are alike in appearance, but they belong to different species. • 8. 我并不确切知道他申请的贷款（loan）银行是否会给。 • I don't know for sure whether the bank will grant him the loan he has applied for.

11. Translation: turn the following sentences into Chinese. • 1. He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to physics question, while the student claimed he should receive a perfect score and would if the system were not set up against the student. • 他打算给一个学生的物理考题答案打零分，可是那位学生却声称，如果现存的教育制度不是专门要和学生作对的话，他就会得满分，也一定会得满分。 • 2. I pointed out that the student really had a strong case for full credit , since he had answered the question completely and correctly. • 我指出，这个学生确实有充分的理由得满分，因为他圆满而正确地答出了这道考题。

12. 3. For example, you could take the barometer out on a sunny day and measure the height of the barometer, the length of its shadow, and the length of the shadow of the building, and by the use of a simple proportion, determine the height of the building. • 比方说，你可以在一个晴朗的日子把气压表拿到室外，量出气压表的高度以及它影子的高度，以及大楼阴影的高度，然后用个简单比例法就可求得大楼的高度。

13. 4. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think, to use the “scientific method,” and to explore the deep inner logic of the subject in a pedantic way, as is often done in the new mathematics, rather than teaching him the structure of the subject. With this in mind, he decided to revive scholasticism as an academic lark to challenge the Sputnid-panicked classrooms of America. • 他承认他知道，但是他说，他已经厌倦了中学和大学教师们的教学方法，因为他们总想教他如何思考，如何运用“科学方法”，如何用一种学究式的方法来探索学科深层的内在逻辑，就像在“新教学”中常做的那样，而不是把这个学科的结构交给他，有了这个念头，他就决定重新提出中世纪繁琐经院哲学的那一套来开个学术性玩笑，向患有卫星恐惧症的美国课堂挑战。

14. Writing Practice — Transition Ⅱ • A brief introduction • Transition is frequently used to indicate the logical relationship within or between sentences. Different transitional words and phrases facilitate the conveyance of ideas in various ways. Therefore, it is easier for readers to follow the author’s line of thought.

15. Types of transitions • 1. Transitions between sections—Particularly in longer works, it may be necessary to include transitional paragraphs that summarize for the reader the information just covered and specify the relevance of this information to the discussion in the following section.

16. 2. Transitions between paragraphs—If you have done a good job of arranging paragraphs so that the content of one leads logically to the next, the transition will highlight a relationship that already exists by summarizing the previous paragraph and suggesting something of the content of the paragraph that follows. A transition between paragraphs can be a word or two (however, for example, similarly), a phrase, or a sentence. Transitions can be at the end of the first paragraph, at the beginning of the second paragraph, or in both places.

17. 3. Transitions within paragraphs—As with transitions between sections and paragraphs, transitions within paragraphs act as cues by helping readers to anticipate what is coming before they read it. Within paragraphs, transitions tend to be single words or short phrases.

18. transitional words and phrases • Addition: • also, again, as well as, besides, coupled with, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover, similarly • Consequence: • accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, for this purpose, • hence, otherwise, so then, subsequently, therefore, thus, thereupon, wherefore • Generalizing: • as a rule, as usual, for the most part, • generally, generally speaking, ordinarily, usually • Exemplifying: • chiefly, especially, for instance, in particular, markedly, namely, • particularly, including, specifically, such as

19. Illustration: • for example, for instance, for one thing, as an illustration, • illustrated with, as an example, in this case • Emphasis • above all, chiefly, with attention to, especially, particularly, singularly • Similarity: • comparatively, coupled with, correspondingly, identically, likewise, similar, moreover, together with • Exception: • aside from, barring, besides, except, excepting, excluding, exclusive of, other than, outside of, save • Restatement: • in essence, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say, • in short, in brief, to put it differently • Contrast and Comparison: • contrast, by the same token, conversely, instead, likewise, • on one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, rather, • similarly, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, in contrast

20. Sequence: • at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time, • for now, for the time being, the next step, in time, in turn, later on, • meanwhile, next, then, soon, the meantime, later, while, earlier, • simultaneously, afterward, in conclusion, with this in mind, • Summarizing: • after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by and large, in any case, in any event, • in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, • in the long run, on balance, to sum up, to summarize, finally • Diversion: • by the way, incidentally • Direction: • here, there, over there, beyond, nearly, opposite, under, above, • to the left, to the right, in the distance

21. Practical writing • Intelligence-NatureorNurture? • 1） 有人认为智力是天生的； • 2） 也有人认为智力是环境决定的； • 3） 如何更好地发展智力。

22. 范文： • Intelligence-NatureorNurture? • Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentorexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertobothquestionsisyes. • Ontheonehand,ifwetaketwopeopleatrandomfromthecrowd,itisverylikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.However,ifwetaketwoidenticaltwins,chancesarethattheywillbeasintelligentaseachother.Therefore,aconclusioncanbedrawnthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence. • Ontheotherhand,though,ifweputtwoidenticaltwinsindifferentenvironments,forexample,wemightsendonetouniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring,wewouldfinddifferencesintheirintelligenceseveralyearslater,whichindicatesthatenvironmentdoesplayacrucialroleinourintelligence. • Justaseverycoinhastwosides,ourintelligenceispartlybornandpartlydeveloped.Thesurewaytodevelopourintelligenceisintelligentparentsaswellasagoodenvironment.

23. Oral practice • Find a partner or partners and discuss with them the role intelligence plays in achieving success. The following questions may help you to start the discussion. • What is intelligence? Does a high score in an intelligence test mean one is intelligent? • Do you think you are intelligent? Why or why not? • What role intelligence plays in achieving success? Cite examples to illustrate your point.

24. Assignments • Oral practice • Writing a short composition about Intelligence-NatureorNurture? • Preview new words and the text in Unit 10.