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Cell Division

STEELE. Cell Division. MITOSIS. Mitosis. Def: The process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell. Mitosis. Can be divided into stages: Interphase

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Cell Division

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  1. STEELE Cell Division

  2. MITOSIS

  3. Mitosis • Def: The process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. • The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.

  4. Mitosis • Can be divided into stages: • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • Cytokinesis

  5. Interphase*cell prepares to divide Animal Cell: • DNA replicated • Organelles replicated • Cell increases in size Plant Cell: • DNA replicated • Organelles replicated • Cell increases in size

  6. Interphase • Plant Cell • Animal Cell

  7. Prophase*cell prepares for nuclear division Animal Cell: • Packages DNA into chromosomes Plant Cell: • Packages DNA into chromosomes

  8. Prophase • Plant Cell • Animal Cell

  9. Metaphase*Cell prepares for chromosome division Animal Cell: • Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell • Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere Plant Cell: • Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell • Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere

  10. Metaphase • Plant Cell • Animal Cell

  11. Anaphase* The chromosomes divide Animal Cell: • Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart • ½ of each chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell Plant Cell: • Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart • ½ of each chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell

  12. Anaphase • Plant Cell • Animal Cell

  13. Telophase & Cytokinesis*The cytoplasm divides • Animal Cell: • DNA spreads out • 2 nuclei form • Cell wall pinches in to form the 2 new daughter cells • Plant Cell: • DNA spreads out • 2 nuclei form • New cell wall forms between to nuclei to form the 2 new daughter cells

  14. Telophase • Plant Cell • Animal Cell

  15. Motosis Animation* • CELL MITOSIS

  16. Cell Cycle

  17. MEIOSIS

  18. Meiosis • Def: Meiosis is thetype of cell division by which germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced. • One parent cell produces four daughter cells. • Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the original parent cell.

  19. Meiosis • DNA replicates once, but the nucleus divides twice. • Four stages can be described for each division of the nucleus.

  20. Meiosis I*1st division of Meiosis • Prophase 1 • Metaphase 1 • Anaphase 1 • Telophase 1

  21. Prophase I • Def: Each chromosome duplicates and remains closely associated. These are called sister chromatids.

  22. Metaphase I • Def: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell.

  23. Anaphase I • Def: Chromosome pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together.

  24. Telophase I • Def: Two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the chromosome pair.

  25. Meiosis II*2nd division of Meiosis • Prophase 2 • Metaphase 2 • Anaphase 2 • Telophase 2

  26. Prophase II • Def: : DNA does not replicate.

  27. Metaphase II • Def: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.

  28. Anaphase II • Def: Centromeres divide and sister chromatids move separately to each pole.

  29. Telophase II • Def: Cell division is complete. • Four haploid daughter cells are formed.

  30. Meiosis

  31. What's the Difference? • Mitosis: • Asexual • Cell divides once • Two daughter cells • Genetic information is identical • Meiosis: • Sexual • Cell divides twice • Four haploid daughter cells • Genetic information is different

  32. Comparison Animations* • #1 • #2

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