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Genetically Engineered Food “ over 70% of food products in retail stores contain genetically modified ingredients”. First GM Food. 1992 –GE Flavr SavrTM tomatoes on the market after approval by FDA. Objective: make tomato with longer shelf life
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Genetically Engineered Food“over70% of food products in retail stores contain genetically modified ingredients”
First GM Food • 1992 –GE FlavrSavrTM tomatoes on the market after approval by FDA. • Objective: make tomato with longer shelf life • How? adding a gene which interferes with the production of the enzyme that breaks down cell walls and results in the softening of fruit • By 1997 no longer grown; bland flavor
Most Common GM Foods in U.S. Corn Soybeans Canola Cotton Sugar Beets Alfalfa Hawaiian Papaya Zucchini Yellow Crookneck Squash Meat- while not GM; raised on GM grain (corn)
Some of the Foods That May Contain GM Ingredients: Infant formula, salad dressing, bread, cereal, hamburgers and hotdogs, margarine, mayonnaise, cereals, crackers, cookies, chocolate, candy, fried food, chips, veggie burgers, ice cream, frozen yogurt, tofu, soy sauce,, tomato sauce, protein powder…..
Genetic makeup of organism modified by rearrangement or removal of genes Incorporating genes from other organisms, called transgenic plant Ex- "Bt corn" contains a gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Ex- Genes from animal (fish) inserted into genomes of foods such as strawberries or tomatoes for cold resistance GEFs Factshttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.gen.btcorn/
GMO Facts Advance tissue culture- produce only part of plant such as fruit or oil Transgenomics- insert artificially created DNA into plant DNA to stimulate mutation of specific gene
Advantages • Assist food manufacturers Improve storage capacity ex- Flavr SavrTM Tomato • Pest resistance ex- virus resistant squash • Herbicide-tolerant crops Asbromoxynil-tolerant (controls boll weevil) on cotton
Proteins in milk, eggs, wheat, fish, tree nuts, peanuts, soybeans, and shellfish cause over 90% of food allergies Concerns
ConcernsWhat can go wrong? http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/monarch-butterflies-genetically-modified-gm-crops/story?id=14057436
What about the terminator gene? Prevent seeds from reproducing next year Economics- Grower must purchase GM seeds next year Control by GM company Expense for farmer
Cross Breeding vs. GMOs • What is cross breeding? • Use closely related species • Takes 10-15 years to develop useful variety • Useful only 5-10 years; plant becomes more prone • disease or pest
Use closely related species • Takes 10-15 years to develop useful • variety • Useful only 5-10 years; plant becomes • more prone disease or pest • ½ time cross breeding • Cuts costs • Insert into animal or plant cell