Vocabulary

1. Vocabulary Mrs. Cox AP Language Written Communications 1 & 2

2. Instructions • For each of the following words • Copy the word, part of speech and its definition • Leave space to write a synonym and an antonym for each word • Complete the activity by copying the sentences

3. Latin Root Words #1RUPT: to break or burst • 1. abrupt (adj)-broken off, steep; sudden, quick • 2. corrupt (adj)-changed from good to bad • 3. corrupt (v)-change from good to bad; debase; falsify • 4. disrupt (v)-break apart; cause disorder • 5. erupt (v)-burst or break out • 6. incorruptible (adj)-inflexibly honest; incapable of being bribed • 7. interrupt (v)-break into or between; hinder • 8. rupture (n)-break; hostility

4. Copy each sentence and insert the appropriate word from the list. • 1. The simmering antipathy between the rival groups may ___ into open combat. • 2. The star’s ___ withdrawal from the cast took the producer by surprise. • 3. Both sides had faith in the judge’s honesty, for he was known to be ____. • 4. Many homes were flooded as a result of a(n) ___ in a water main. • 5. Please don’t ___ me when I am speaking.

5. Practice-Latin Root RUPT • Write a paragraph using at least 5 of the words from the list. Your paragraph should address the following prompt: • Yesterday, a man broke into my house. • Who was he? • Why did he do it? • What will happen to him when he gets caught? • How did this event affect me? • This paragraph can be in the form of a story, a news article, a letter, or an expository paragraph.

6. CIDE: killing or killer • NOTE: These are ALL nouns. • Biocide-substance that destroys living organisms • Fratricide-act of killing one’s brother (or the killer of) • Genocide-deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group • Matricide-act of killing one’s mother (or the killer of) • Patricide-act of killing one’s father (or the killer of) • Regicide-act of killing a king (or the killer of) • Sororicide-act of killing one’s sister (or the killer of)

7. For each of the following, list 2-3 other words that include the base word in bold. • BIOcide • FRATRIcide • GENOcide • REGIcide • SORORIcide

8. CIDE review • Create your own “cide”. Write a story to explain its origins. • Example: • Santacide: The death of a child’s belief in Santa. The first known case of Santacide happened in 1945. An angry father, having lost his job on Christmas Eve, blamed the lack of gifts under the tree on Santa Claus. He told his kids that Santa obviously did not exist, or they would have received presents. The children wholeheartedly believed their father, so they disavowed Santa from that point.

9. STRING: bind or draw tight • Astringent (adj)-(1)drawing tightly together; (2)stern, austere • Constrict (v)-draw together; shrink • Restrict (v)-keep within limits, confine • Stricture (n)-adverse criticism, censure • Stringent (adj)-strict, rigid, severe

10. Copy the following sentences and fill in the blanks using a word from the list. • 1. He was _____(ed) from accessing the building. • 2. The general was known for being _____ with his soldiers. • 3. The _____ effect of the alcohol helped heal the wound. • 4. The sweater _____(ed) in the hot water. • 5. If you can’t handle the _____ of your boss, you should find a different job.

11. Use the words from the list to complete the following activities: • 1. Write one sentence using at least one noun, one adjective and one verb from the list. • 2. Draw a picture illustrating at least 3 of the words from the list in conjunction. Label the picture with the vocabulary words, write a sentence to explain the picture.

12. The water main rupture erupted and disrupted my morning walk. ERUPTED RUPTURE DISRUPTED

13. VOR: eat greedily • 1. carnivorous (adj)-flesh eating • 2. devour (v)- (1) eat greedily or ravenously, (2) seize upon and destroy • 3. frugivorous (adj)-feeding on fruit • 4. herbivorous (adj)-feeding on plants • 5 omnivorous (adj)-(1) eating everything, both the plant and animal, (2) avidly taking in everything • 6. voracious (adj)- (1) greedy in eating, (2) insatiable

14. Copy each sentence and use a word from the list to complete each one. • 1. Have you ever watched a ravenous eater ____ a sandwich in two or three gulps? • 2. The rabbit is _____; it eats grass, vegetables, and even the bark of trees. • 3. _____ insects damage fruit crops. • 4. The diet of the _____ lion includes the zebra, antelope, buffalo, and ostrich. • 5. Jim bought 8 new books today and ordered 3 more; he is a _____ reader.

15. Review: VOR • Write a short (very short) story about a _____ that is voracious about ____ or who devours ____. • Example: The voracious bookworm was eating his way through the library one day. He devoured Shakespeare and Proust, Faulkner and Hawthorne. Then, he realized his omnivorous ways were detrimental to his health. So, he inched his way over to the reference section to munch on a few diet books.

16. Latin Root Words #5VIV: live, alive • Convivial (adj): fond of eating and drinking with friends; jovial; hospitable • Vivacious (adj): lively in temper or conduct • Vivacity (n): liveliness of spirit • Vivify (v): enliven, make vivid • Vivisection (n): operation on a living mammal for scientific investigation • Remember to write the synonyms and antonyms for each word. (NOTE: No syns/ants for ‘vivisection’.

17. VIV review • Write a sentence for each of the words on the list. Be sure to use each word correctly according to its part of speech.

18. VIV review • List at least 2 other words in English that contain the root VIV. Write definitions for each of the words based on your knowledge of the root word.

19. TORT: twist • Extort (v.)-wrest (money, promises, etc.) from a person by force (literally “twist out”) • Retort (v.)-reply quickly or sharply (“twist back”) • Retort (n.)-quick, witty, or cutting reply • Torsion (n.)-act of twisting; twisting of a body by two opposing forces • Tortuous (adj.)-(1) full of twists or curves; winding, (2) tricky, crooked

20. TORT Review Activity • Create visual definitions for the two verbs on the list.

21. TORT review activity • Fill out the Frayer model for the word TORTUOUS DEFINITION EXAMPLES TORTUOUS NON-EXAMPLES DRAW A PICTURE TO ILLUSTRATE THE TERM

22. List 7VICT (VINC): conquer, show conclusively • Conviction (n)-(1) state of having been judged guilty of an offense (2) strong belief • Evict (v)-(1) expel by legal process (2) oust • Evince (v)-show clearly; disclose • Invincible (adj)-incapable of being conquered • Vanquish (v)-overcome in battle; conquer

23. List 7, Activity 1 • Create a list showing degrees of meaning between vanquishable and invincible.

24. Vocab Review-List 7, VICT/VINC • Create a title for a book or movie using one or more words from the vocabulary list. • Briefly explain the premise of the book or movie using words from this and previous lists. • Underline or highlight each vocabulary word that you incorporate.

25. List 8FRACT (FRAG)-Break • Fractious (adj)-apt to break out into a passion; cross; irritable • Infraction (n)-act of breaking; breach; violation • Refract (v)-bend a ray of light, a heat or sound wave • Refractory (adj)-resisting; intractable; hard to manage

26. Activity for FRACT • Write a sentence for each vocabulary word using it correctly.

27. FRACT review • Complete a concept of definition map for “fractious” and for “infraction” PROPERTIES/QUALITIES PART OF SPEECH TERM TO DEFINE P/Qs P/Qs EXAMPLES??? EXAMPLES???

28. List 9OMNI: all, every, everywhere 1. Omnibus (adj)-covering many things at once, like a Congressional bill 2. Omnibus (n)-(1) bus, (2) book containing a variety of works by one author 3. Omnifarious (adj)-of all varieties, forms, or kinds 4. Omnific (adj)- all-creating 5. Omnipotent (adj)-unlimited in power; almighty 6. Omniscient (adj)-knowing everything

29. OMNI activity 1 • 1. I could not answer all the questions since I am not ____. • 2. With his magic lamp, Aladdin was ___; no feat was beyond his power. • 3. Because of its ____ uses, a scout knife is indispensable equipment for a camping trip. • 4. It was a conviction of the ancient Egyptians that their sun god was ____; they believed he had created everything.

30. OMNI activity 2 • Combine the prefix ‘omni’ with roots from previous vocabulary lists to create new words. • Create 2 new words and define each based on your knowledge of Latin roots. Then, use each of your words in a sentence. • Example: OMNIFRACTABLE • Definition: able to break everything • The Incredible Hulk is omnifractable like a powerful earthquake.

31. List 10FLECT/FLEX: “bend” • Deflect (v): turn aside • Genuflect (v): bend the knee; touch the right knee to the ground, as in worship • Inflection (n): change in the pitch or tone of a person’s voice • Inflexibility (n): rigidity; firmness • Reflex (n): involuntary response to stimulus

32. FLECT activity 1 • The final minutes of the game were ticking away. The coach’s _____ shown as he demanded total obedience from his players. They ______ed before him, as though they were looking up to a god. • They ran onto the field. The captain’s _____ changed as he shouted out the play. In order to pull this one off, they need to keep their _____es sharp and their minds focused. • The ball soared through the air; alas, it was _____ed by the other team. Game over.

33. FLECT activity 2 • List 3 other words that include the root FLECT or FLEX. • Draw a picture to represent each of the words.

34. List 11TEN (TIN, TENT): hold, keep • Impertinent (adj): inappropriate; rude • Pertinacious (adj): adhering firmly to a purpose or opinion • Pertinent (adj): having to do with the matter at hand • Retinue (n): group of followers or assistants attending a distinguished person • Tenacity (n): firmness in holding fast; persistence • Tenet (n): principle, belief, or doctrine generally held to be true • Untenable (adj): incapable of being held or defended

35. List 11-activity 1 • For each adjective, write a synonym and an antonym of the word.

36. List 11-activity 2 • For each noun in list 11, complete a Frayer model to describe the word: Vocab Word

37. List 12MON (MONIT): warn • Admonish (v): warn of a fault; reprove; rebuke • Admonition (n): gentle reproof; counseling against a fault or error • Admonitory (adj): conveying a gentle reproof • Premonition (n): forewarning; intuitive anticipation of a coming event • Premonitory (adj): conveying a forewarning

38. List 12-MONActivity 1 • 1. Her mother gave her an _____ for her faulty behavior. • 2. The honking horn was a _____ warning to the careless driver. • 3. Jill had a ____ about the fate of the train’s passengers. • 4. The coach _____ed the team for their poor performance.

39. List 12-MONactivity 2 • Write a short (like 1 paragraph) story using all of the words from list 12.

40. List 13MAND (MANDAT): order, command, commit • Countermand (v): issue a contrary order • Mandate (n): authoritative command, or territory administered by a trustee • Mandatory (adj): obligatory; required by command • Remand (v): send back; recommit, as to prison • Writ of mandamus (n): written order from a court to enforce the performance of some public duty

41. List 13-activity 1 • 1. The reelected candidate regarded her huge popular vote as a _____ from the people to continue the policies of her first term in office. • 2. On learning of the colonel’s ill-advised order to retreat, the general hastened to _____ it. • 3. Several prominent citizens have applied for a _____ to compel the mayor to publish the budget, as required by law. • 4. The coach regards attendance at today’s practice session as _____; no one is excused. • 5. Since the retrial resulted in a verdict of “guilty,” the judge was obliged to _____ the defendant to the state penitentiary.

42. List 13-activity 2 • 1. Write as many words as you can think of that also contain the root “-mand”. • 2. “-Mend” is a root that is related to the root “-mand”. Make a list of words that contain “-mend” and relate to the meaning of the original root.

43. List 14CRED (CREDIT): believe • Accredited (adj): officially authorized or recognized • Credence (n): belief as to the truth of something • Credulous (adj): too ready to believe; easily deceived • Credo (n): summary of principles believed in or adhered to • Incredulity (n): disbelief

44. List 14-activity 1 • Write a sentence for each word showing a clear understanding of the definitions.

45. List 14-activity 2 • Respond to each of the following: • 1. Write a 3-point credo about your personal beliefs. • 2. Write about someone you know who is credulous. • 3. Write about something that you think does not have much credence.

46. List 15FID: faith, trust • Affidavit (n): sworn written statement made before an authorized official • Bona fide (adj): made or carried out in good faith • confidant (n): (confidante if a woman) one to whom secrets are entrusted • Diffident (adj): lacking faith in oneself; timid; shy • Fiduciary (adj): held in trust, or confidential • Infidel (n): one who does not accept a particular faith • Perfidious (adj): false to a trust; faithless • Perfidy (n): violation of a trust; treachery; disloyalty

47. List 15-Activity 1 • Answer the following questions in complete sentences: • 1. When would you receive an affidavit? Explain. • 2. Who is your confidant/confidante? Why? • 3. Name a character from a book/movie/TV show that is diffident. Explain. • 4. Name a historical figure who was an infidel. Explain. • 5. What do you think is the biggest perfidy one can commit?

48. List 15-Activity 2 • Write a sentence using 4 words from the list.

49. List 16BELLI: war • Rebellion (n): refusal to accept authority or control • Belligerent (adj): aggressive, combatant • Bellicose (adj): battleful, having a disposition to fight • Casus belli (n): an event used to justify starting a war • Antebellum (adj): belonging to a period before a war

50. List 16: Activity 1 • The _____ South was populated by Southern belles in hoopskirts who lived on plantations. • The students decided to start a _____ against the new dress code. • The murder of the president was the _____ that the infidels were waiting for; they were anxious to go to war. • The _____ general even dreamt about war! • _____ children frustrate their parents and often end up in time-out.